Toxic Effects of Aquatic Pharmaceuticals on Chlorella sp. in Kazakhstan

Tulegenova S. Zhantokov B. Shingisbayeva Z. Beisenova R. Dukenbayeva A. Rakhymzhan Z. Shamshedenova S. Zhupysheva A. Rymbayeva R. Turlybekova G. Zhaznayeva Z.
December 2024 International Information and Engineering Technology Association

International Journal of Design and Nature and Ecodynamics
2024 #19 Issue 6 1919 - 1929 pp.

Pharmaceuticals are crucial for human health, but their release into the environment through various means can contaminate groundwater, surface waters, soil, and microorganisms. The contamination of water by pharmaceuticals in Kazakhstan is not well-studied. Understanding the influence of pharmaceutical ingredients on the ecosystem and public health is a key area of ecological research. Globally, researchers are investigating the risks posed by pharmaceuticals in water sources and their environmental effects. This study uses Chlorella sp. to test the impacts of pharmaceuticals on aquatic biota, examining growth rate and growth inhibition. The study followed OECD Research Method 201. Pharmaceuticals with high pollution potential in Kazakhstans water resources, including ketoconazole, terbinafine, drotaverine hydrochloride, telmisartan, benzylpenicillin, and azithromycin, were studied. Azithromycin was found to be the most toxic to Chlorella sp. (0.33 ± 0.05 mg/L), while amoxicillin had the least toxic effect (853.54 ±0.27mg/L). Azithromycin has significant effect to Chlorella sp. resistance, especially in smallest experimental concentrations. At 0.2 mg/L, azithromycin nearly halved the growth rate compared to the control, growth inhibition was over 87% at 0.15 mg/L (r²=0.89). Chlorella sp. showed minimal sensitivity to high concentrations of amoxicillin, with slight decrease of growth (2% at 1 mg/L, 57% at 1000 mg/L). Copyright:

aquatic ecosystems , cell amount , chlorella , effective dose , environmental impact , growth rate , Kazakhstan , pharmaceuticals

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Department of Botany, E. A. Buketov Karaganda University, Karaganda, 100027, Kazakhstan
Environmental Management and Engeneering Department, L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, 010008, Kazakhstan
Department of Ecology, M. Auezov South Kazakhstan State University, Shymkent, 160012, Kazakhstan
Institute of Environmental Engineering, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
High School of Ecology, Yugra State University, Khanty-Mansiysk, 628000, Russian Federation
Kazakh National University of Water Management and Irrigation, Taraz, 080000, Kazakhstan
Department of Biology and Genomics, L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, 010008, Kazakhstan
Department of Ecology, Kh. Dosmukhamedov Atyrau University, Atyrau, 060011, Kazakhstan
Department of State Audit, L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, 010008, Kazakhstan
Department of Zoology, E. A. Buketov Karaganda University, Karaganda, 100027, Kazakhstan
Department of Ecology, S. Amanzholov East Kazakhstan State University, Oskemen, 070040, Kazakhstan

Department of Botany
Environmental Management and Engeneering Department
Department of Ecology
Institute of Environmental Engineering
High School of Ecology
Kazakh National University of Water Management and Irrigation
Department of Biology and Genomics
Department of Ecology
Department of State Audit
Department of Zoology
Department of Ecology

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