Famine of 1921–1922 in Uralsk Governorate: Causes and Consequences
Голод 1921–1922 гг. в Уральской губернии: причины и последствия
Tukesheva N.M. Khaidarov E.E. Gizzatov S.M.
2023Kalmyk Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences
Oriental Studies
2023#16Issue 61496 - 1512 pp.
Introduction. The study analyzes a variety of newly discovered archival documents and materials for a comprehensive insight into the 1921–1922 mass famine in Uralsk Governorate. To facilitate this, the paper shall examine the causes, mitigation measures, and consequences of the famine in the designated region of present-day Kazakhstan. Materials. So, the study focuses on related documents from the State Archive of West Kazakhstan Region that have never been introduced into scientific discourse and received only fragmented attention. Results. The work provides a historio-graphic review on the topic under consideration, while some key research results are based on analytical insights into the archival papers. Our narrative centers around the causes and socio-demographic consequences, conditions of livestock breeding and agrarian industries, famine mitigation measures. Statistical data contained in the reports of governorate-level commissions prove most instrumental in evaluating the 1921–1922 famine’s scale and tracing negative socioeconomic dynamics. Conclusions. Uralsk Governorate happened to be a most famine-affected region of Kazakhstan, which was dramatically preceded (and paralleled) by harsh natural and climatic conditions, such as drought, crop failure, zud (jut), and livestock reduction. These were aggravated by poor agrarian development of the region and reduction of cultivated areas — only to be face the early twentieth century political cataclysms (e.g., Russian Civil War, increase of taxation, etc.). The famine’s consequences included increased mortality rates, population decline, dramatic fall of living standards, and large numbers of orphans and homeless children.
aid , causes , consequences , famine , governorate-level commission , heavy mortality , relief measures , scale of famine , Uralsk Governorate
Text of the article Перейти на текст статьи
West Kazakhstan Museum of Local History and Lore, 184, Dostyk-Druzhba Ave., Uralsk, 090000, Kazakhstan
Zhangir Khan University, 51, Zhangir Khan St., Uralsk, 090009, Kazakhstan
National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 54, Tauelsizdik Ave., Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
West Kazakhstan Museum of Local History and Lore
Zhangir Khan University
National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan
10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель
Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026