Behavioral responses of terrestrial mammals to COVID-19 lockdowns

Tucker M.A. Schipper A.M. Adams T.S.F. Attias N. Avgar T. Babic N.L. Barker K.J. Bastille-Rousseau G. Behr D.M. Belant J.L. Beyer D.E., Jr. Blaum N. Blount J.D. Bockmühl D. Boulhosa R.L.P. Brown M.B. Buuveibaatar B. Cagnacci F. Calabrese J.M. Černe R. Chamaillé-Jammes S. Chan A.N. Chase M.J. Chaval Y. Chenaux-Ibrahim Y. Cherry S.G. Ćirović D. Çoban E. Cole E.K. Conlee L. Courtemanch A. Cozzi G. Davidson S.C. DeBloois D. Dejid N. DeNicola V. Desbiez A.L.J. Douglas-Hamilton I. Drake D. Egan M. Eikelboom J.A.J. Fagan W.F. Farmer M.J. Fennessy J. Finnegan S.P. Fleming C.H. Fournier B. Fowler N.L. Gantchoff M.G. Garnier A. Gehr B. Geremia C. Goheen J.R. Hauptfleisch M.L. Hebblewhite M. Heim M. Hertel A.G. Heurich M. Hewison A.J.M. Hodson J. Hoffman N. Hopcraft J.G.C. Huber D. Isaac E.J. Janik K. Ježek M. Johansson Ö. Jordan N.R. Kaczensky P. Kamaru D.N. Kauffman M.J. Kautz T.M. Kays R. Kelly A.P. Kindberg J. Krofel M. Kusak J. Lamb C.T. LaSharr T.N. Leimgruber P. Leitner H. Lierz M. Linnell J.D.C. Lkhagvaja P. Long R.A. López-Bao J.V. Loretto M.-C. Marchand P. Martin H. Martinez L.A. McBride R.T., Jr. McLaren A.A.D. Meisingset E. Melzheimer J. Merrill E.H. Middleton A.D. Monteith K.L. Moore S.A. Van Moorter B. Morellet N. Morrison T. Müller R. Mysterud A. Noonan M.J. O’Connor D. Olson D. Olson K.A. Ortega A.C. Ossi F. Panzacchi M. Patchett R. Patterson B.R. de Paula R.C. Payne J. Peters W. Petroelje T.R. Pitcher B.J. Pokorny B. Poole K. Potočnik H. Poulin M.-P. Pringle R.M. Prins H.H.T. Ranc N. Reljić S. Robb B. Röder R. Rolandsen C.M. Rutz C. Salemgareyev A.R. Samelius G. Sayine-Crawford H. Schooler S. Şekercioğlu Ç.H. Selva N. Semenzato P. Sergiel A. Sharma K. Shawler A.L. Signer J. Silovský V. Silva J.P. Simon R. Smiley R.A. Smith D.W. Solberg E.J. Ellis-Soto D. Spiegel O. Stabach J. Stacy-Dawes J. Stahler D.R. Stephenson J. Stewart C. Strand O. Sunde P. Svoboda N.J. Swart J. Thompson J.J. Toal K.L. Uiseb K. VanAcker M.C. Velilla M. Verzuh T.L. Wachter B. Wagler B.L. Whittington J. Wikelski M. Wilmers C.C. Wittemyer G. Young J.K. Ziba F. Zwijacz-Kozica T. Huijbregts M.A.J. Mueller T.
9 June 2023 American Association for the Advancement of Science

Science
2023 #380 Issue 6649 1059 - 1064 pp.

COVID-19 lockdowns in early 2020 reduced human mobility, providing an opportunity to disentangle its effects on animals from those of landscape modifications. Using GPS data, we compared movements and road avoidance of 2300 terrestrial mammals (43 species) during the lockdowns to the same period in 2019. Individual responses were variable with no change in average movements or road avoidance behavior, likely due to variable lockdown conditions. However, under strict lockdowns 10-day 95th percentile displacements increased by 73%, suggesting increased landscape permeability. Animals’ 1-hour 95th percentile displacements declined by 12% and animals were 36% closer to roads in areas of high human footprint, indicating reduced avoidance during lockdowns. Overall, lockdowns rapidly altered some spatial behaviors, highlighting variable but substantial impacts of human mobility on wildlife worldwide. Copyright

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Department of Environmental Science, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, Nijmegen, 6500, GL, Netherlands
Elephants Without Borders, P.O. Box 682, Kasane, Botswana
Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres (ICAS), Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
Department of Wildland Resources, The Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, 84322, UT, United States
School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia
Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, 94720, CA, United States
Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, 62901, IL, United States
Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, CH - 8057, Switzerland
Botswana Predator Conservation, Private Bag 13, Maun, Botswana
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, 48824, MI, United States
University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Am Mühlenberg 3, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, 84112, UT, United States
Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, SP, Atibaia, 12945010, Brazil
Giraffe Conservation Foundation, Eros, PO Box 86099, Windhoek, Namibia
Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Conservation Ecology Center, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, 22630, VA, United States
Wildlife Conservation Society, Mongolia Program, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Animal Ecology Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all’Adige, 38010, Italy
Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), Goerlitz, Germany
Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, 4094 Campus Dr, College Park, MD, United States
Slovenia Forest Service, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
CEFE, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Dept. Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80525, CO, United States
Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
LTSER ZA PYRénées GARonne, Auzeville-Tolosane, F-31320, France
Department of Biology and Environment, Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Grand Portage, 55605, MN, United States
Parks Canada Agency, Box 220, Radium Hot Springs, V0A 1M0, BC, Canada
Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
KuzeyDoğa Society, Ortakapı Mah. Şehit Yusuf Cad. 69, Kars, 36100, Turkey
U.S. Fish and Wildlfe Service, National Elk Refuge, PO Box 510, Jackson, 83001, WY, United States
Missouri Department of Conservation, Columbia, 65201, MO, United States
Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Jackson, 83001, WY, United States
Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, 78315, Germany
Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany
Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, United States
Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, United States
Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main, 60325, Germany
White Buffalo Inc., 26 Davison Road, Moodus, 06469, CT, United States
Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS), Murrayfield, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas (IPÊ), Nazaré Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
Save the Elephants, Marula Manor, Marula Lane, Karen, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya
Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Oxford, OX1 3PS, United Kingdom
Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, United States
Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, Wageningen, 6708 PB, Netherlands
Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, 53706, WI, United States
Global Wildlife Conservation Center, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, 13210, NY, United States
Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA, United States
Wildlife and Fish Division, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories, P.O. Box 1320, Yellowknife, NT, Canada
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 43961 Kalifornsky Beach Road, Suite B, Soldotna, 99669, AK, United States
State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, 13210, NY, United States
Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Dayton, Dayton, 45469, OH, United States
Parc National des Pyrénées, Tarbes, 65000, France
Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
Yellowstone Center for Resources, P.O. Box 168, Yellowstone National Park, 82190, WY, United States
Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, 82071, WY, United States
Biodiversity Research Centre, Namibia University of Science and Technnology, Pvt bag, Windhoek, 13388, Namibia
Wildlife Biology Program, Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, 59801, MT, United States
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Terrestrial Ecology Department, P.O. Box 5685 Torgarden, Trondheim, 7485, Norway
Behavioural Ecology, Department of Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, Martinsried, 82152, Germany
Department of Visitor Management and National Park Monitoring, Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Straße 2, Grafenau, 94481, Germany
Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Biology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Straße 4, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
Institute for Forest and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Campus Evenstad, Inland Norway University of Applied Science, Koppang, NO-2480, Norway
Wildlife and Fish Division, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories, P.O. Box 1320, Yellowknife, X1A 2L9, NT, Canada
Ecological Program, Pennsylvania Department of Military and Veterans Affairs, Fort Indiantown Gap National Guard Training Center, Annville, 17003, PA, United States
Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
Veterinary Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, Zagreb, HR-10000, Croatia
City of New York Parks and Recreation, Wildlife Unit, 1234 5th Avenue, 5th Floor, 10029, NY, United States
Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, 739 93, Sweden
Snow Leopard Trust, 4649 Sunnyside Avenue North, Seattle, 98103, WA, United States
Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia
Taronga Institute of Science and Learning, Taronga Conservation Society, Sydney, 2088, NSW, Australia
Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Norway
University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Austria
Wildlife Department, Ol Pejeta Conservancy, Private Bag, Nanyuki, 10400, Kenya
U.S. Geological Survey, Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, 82071, WY, United States
North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, 27601, NC, United States
Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695, NC, United States
Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories, P.O. Box 2668, Yellowknife, X1A 2P9, NT, Canada
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, NO-7484, Norway
Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
Department of Forestry, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, Berlin, 10315, Germany
Biological Sciences Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E9, AB, Canada
Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources, Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, 804 East Fremont, Laramie, 82072, WY, United States
Büro für Wildökologie und Forstwirtschaft, Klagenfurt, Austria
Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Anne Evenstads vei 80, Koppang, 2480, Norway
Snow Leopard Conservation Foundation, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, 83844, ID, United States
Biodiversity Research Institute, CSIC - Oviedo University - Principality of Asturias, Oviedo University, Mieres, E-33600, Spain
Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group, Freising, 85354, Germany
Berchtesgaden National Park, Berchtesgaden, 83471, Germany
Office Français de la Biodiversité, Direction de la Recherche et de l’Expertise, Unité Ongulés Sauvages, Juvignac, France
Faro Moro Eco Research, Estancia Faro Moro, Departmento de Boquerón, Paraguay
Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories, Highway 5, PO Box 900, Fort Smith, X0E 0P0, NT, Canada
Department of Forestry and Forestry Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Tingvoll gard, Tingvoll, NO-6630, Norway
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E9, AB, Canada
Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, Oslo, NO-0316, Norway
Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
Save Giraffe Now, 8333 Douglas Avenue, Suite 300, Dallas, 75225, TX, United States
The Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany
National Geographic Partners, 1145 17th Street NW, Washington, 20036, DC, United States
Wildlife Conservation Society, Mongolia Program, Post 20A, Box 21, Ulaanbaatar, 14200, Mongolia
Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, 82071, WY, United States
Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, 82071, WY, United States
Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, Sir Harold Mitchell Building, St. Andrews, KY16 9TH, United Kingdom
Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, K9J 7B8, ON, Canada
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Trent University, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, K9J 7B8, ON, Canada
Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, SP, Atibaia, 12952011, Brazil
Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Wildlife Management, Bavarian State Institute for Forestry, Hans-Carl-von Carlowitz Platz 1, Freising, 85354, Germany
School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, 2109, NSW, Australia
Faculty of Environmental Protection, Trg mladosti 7, Velenje, 3320, Slovenia
Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
Department of Biodiversity, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, Koper, 6000, Slovenia
Aurora Wildlife Research, 1918 Shannon Point Rd., Nelson, V1L 6K1, BC, Canada
Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, 08544, NJ, United States
Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, Wageningen, 6708 WD, Netherlands
Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, 02138, MA, United States
Oikon Ltd., Institute of Applied Ecology, Trg Senjskih uskoka 1-2, Zagreb, HR-10020, Croatia
Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan (ACBK), Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
Nordens Ark, Hunnebostrand, 456 93, Sweden
Koç University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Rumelifeneri, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences, Adama Mickiewicza 33, Kraków, 31-120, Poland
Departamento de Ciencias Integradas, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Física, Matemáticas y Computación, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, 21071, Spain
Dimension Research, Ecology and Environment (D.R.E.Am. Italia), Via Garibaldi, 3, AR, Pratovecchio Stia, 52015, Italy
Snow Leopard Trust, Seattle, 98103, WA, United States
Global Snow Leopard and Ecosystem Protection Program, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Snow Leopard Foundation, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Nature Conservation Foundation, Mysore, 570002, India
Wildlife Sciences, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal
BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal
City of New York Parks and Recreation, Wildlife Unit, 1234 5th Avenue, 5th Floor, NY, 10029, NY, United States
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
Max Planck - Yale Center for Biodiversity Movement and Global Change, Yale University, United States
School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, 92027, CA, United States
Grand Teton National Park, PO Drawer 170, Moose, 83012, WY, United States
Wyoming Game and Fish Department, 700 Valley View Dr., Sheridan, 82801, WY, United States
Aarhus University, Department of Ecoscience - Wildlife Ecology, C.F. Møllers Allé 4-8, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Kodiak, 99615, AK, United States
Welgevonden Game Reserve, P.O. Box 433, Vaalwater, South Africa
Guyra Paraguay - CONACYT, Asunción, Paraguay
Instituto Saite, Asunción, Paraguay
Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Tourism, Windhoek, Namibia
Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, NY, 10027, NY, United States
School of Natural Resources, University of Arizona, 1064 E Lowell St, Tucson, 85719, AZ, United States
Park Canada, Banff National Park Resource Conservation, PO Box 900, Banff, T1L 1K2, AB, Canada
Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
Center for Integrated Spatial Research, Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, 95064, CA, United States
Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523, CO, United States
USDA National Wildlife Research Center, Predator Research Facility, Millville, 84326, UT, United States
Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, 84322, UT, United States
Tatra National Park, Kuźnice 1, Zakopane, 34-500, Poland
Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany

Department of Environmental Science
Elephants Without Borders
Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres (ICAS)
Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
Department of Wildland Resources
School of Biological Sciences
Department of Environmental Science
Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory
Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies
Botswana Predator Conservation
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife
University of Potsdam
School of Biological Sciences
Instituto Pró-Carnívoros
Giraffe Conservation Foundation
Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute
Wildlife Conservation Society
Animal Ecology Unit
Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS)
Department of Biology
Slovenia Forest Service
CEFE
Mammal Research Institute
Dept. Fish
Université de Toulouse
LTSER ZA PYRénées GARonne
Department of Biology and Environment
Parks Canada Agency
Faculty of Biology
KuzeyDoğa Society
U.S. Fish and Wildlfe Service
Missouri Department of Conservation
Wyoming Game and Fish Department
Department of Migration
Department of Biology
Department of Civil
Utah Division of Wildlife Resources
Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre
White Buffalo Inc.
Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS)
Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas (IPÊ)
Save the Elephants
Department of Zoology
Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology
Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group
Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology
Global Wildlife Conservation Center
Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute
Wildlife and Fish Division
Alaska Department of Fish and Game
State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry
Department of Biology
Parc National des Pyrénées
Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies
Yellowstone Center for Resources
Department of Zoology and Physiology
Biodiversity Research Centre
Wildlife Biology Program
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research
Behavioural Ecology
Department of Visitor Management and National Park Monitoring
Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Biology
Institute for Forest and Wildlife Management
Wildlife and Fish Division
Ecological Program
Institute of Biodiversity
Veterinary Biology Department
City of New York Parks and Recreation
Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences
Grimsö Wildlife Research Station
Snow Leopard Trust
Centre for Ecosystem Science
Taronga Institute of Science and Learning
Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences
University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna
Wildlife Department
U.S. Geological Survey
North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences
Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research
Department of Wildlife
Department of Forestry
Department of Evolutionary Ecology
Biological Sciences Centre
Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources
Büro für Wildökologie und Forstwirtschaft
Clinic for Birds
Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences
Snow Leopard Conservation Foundation
Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences
Biodiversity Research Institute
Technical University of Munich
Berchtesgaden National Park
Office Français de la Biodiversité
Faro Moro Eco Research
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Department of Forestry and Forestry Resources
Department of Biological Sciences
Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES)
Department of Biology
Save Giraffe Now
The Faculty of Biological Sciences
National Geographic Partners
Wildlife Conservation Society
Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit
Program in Ecology
Centre for Biological Diversity
Department of Environmental and Life Sciences
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry
Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros
Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology
Department of Biodiversity
School of Natural Sciences
Faculty of Environmental Protection
Slovenian Forestry Institute
Department of Biodiversity
Aurora Wildlife Research
Department of Biology
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Department of Animal Sciences
Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology
Oikon Ltd.
Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan (ACBK)
Nordens Ark
Koç University
Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences
Departamento de Ciencias Integradas
Dimension Research
Snow Leopard Trust
Global Snow Leopard and Ecosystem Protection Program
Snow Leopard Foundation
Nature Conservation Foundation
Wildlife Sciences
CIBIO
BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics
City of New York Parks and Recreation
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Center for Biodiversity and Global Change
Max Planck - Yale Center for Biodiversity Movement and Global Change
School of Zoology
San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance
Grand Teton National Park
Wyoming Game and Fish Department
Aarhus University
Alaska Department of Fish and Game
Welgevonden Game Reserve
Guyra Paraguay - CONACYT
Instituto Saite
Ministry of Environment
Ecology
School of Natural Resources
Park Canada
Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour
Center for Integrated Spatial Research
Department of Fish
USDA National Wildlife Research Center
Department of Wildland Resources
Tatra National Park
Department of Biological Sciences

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