p-Norm Improved Energy Detector for Fluid Antenna System (FAS)-Aided Spectrum Sensing
Tlebaldiyeva L. Arzykulov S. Nauryzbayev G.
2026Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
IEEE Wireless Communications Letters
2026#151623 - 1627 pp.
Reliable spectrum sensing (SS) is fundamental to cognitive radio (CR) and integrated sensing-and-communications (ISAC) systems. We propose a fluid antenna system (FAS)-aided improved energy detector (IED) that harnesses FAS port-selection diversity with a single RF chain. For an L -port FAS operating over correlated channels, we derive closed-form expressions for the average detection probability and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) over fading and non-fading channels, along with their Gauss-Laguerre quadrature approximated expressions. Monte Carlo simulations validate the derivations and show consistent gains over classical energy detector (ED), highlighting the diversity benefits of FAS and the robustness advantages of p -norm detection. The results show that the IED with {p} =5 achieves a 7.8-times improvement over the classical ED. Moreover, the results quantify design trade-offs involving antenna size/spacing, number of ports, sensing time, threshold, and p, establishing FAS-aided IED as a low-hardware-complexity solution for robust SS in CR/ISAC.
Detection probability , fluid antenna system , improved energy detector , probability of false alarm , spectrum sensing
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Nazarbayev University, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Nazarbayev University
10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель
Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026