Analysis of Heart Rate Variability and Implication of Different Factors on Heart Rate Variability
Tiwari R. Kumar R. Malik S. Raj T. Kumar P.
September 2021Bentham Science Publishers
Current Cardiology Reviews
2021#17Issue 5
Background: The heart is the central organ of the circulatory system, which maintains the flow of blood along with the transport of nutrients to different cells and tissues. A well-function-ing cardiac state is a complicated mode of changeability. A healthy heart is not only about oscilla-tion, as the rhythmometer is not the same in every circumstance. Heart rate shows variations so that it can be regulated according to psychophysiological conditions to maintain the effect of the inter-nal-external stimulus. Objective: The main objective of this review is to provide a piece of all-inclusive information about heart rate variability (HRV) and different variables affecting HRV. The direct interconnec-tion so that HRV can be used in clinical practices. Methods: This review article contains a detailed survey of literature about HRV available in different online sources such as; Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and Web of Science, etc. In this review, the authors have focused on the role of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of HRV and the role of various factors affecting HRV. Results: The variation in the time between two heartbeats is termed as HRV. It is one of the indica-tors of many pathological conditions related to cardiovascular health. It provided reliable information about the interaction of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The analysis of the variation of heart rate is a well-known non-invasive technique to identify the functioning of the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) depends on the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system for transferring information. The cardio-accelerating center, lungs, and non-striated muscles are innervated by cardiac sympathetic nerves. This division of ANS latches upon the heart accordingly via the cervicothoracic ganglion and vagus nerve. It is found that cardiac normal variability depends upon this stimulation towards the sinoatrial node (pacemaker), which can be evaluated by analyzing the HRV. In human-based studies, it has been found that a low level of HRV is one of the main causes of death rate among adults. Hence, HRV helps in identifying the risk of cardiac diseases and the state of ANS. Conclusion: The heart plays a vital role in the human body and the well-functioning of the cardiac system is the need for a healthy life. The heart contains its nervous system termed as neurocardio system in which ANS plays a key role in which the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems inter-play to regulate HRV. High HRV is associated with healthy condition, while low HRV is associated with pathological conditions. The HRV is influenced by various variables such as; pathological, physiological, psychological, environmental factors, lifestyle factors, and genetic factors, etc.
Autonomic nervous system , Brain-heart connection , Cardiac ganglia , Heart , Heart rate variability , Parasympathetic nervous systems , Sympathetic nervous systems
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Department of Morphology and Physiology, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, 100008, Kazakhstan
Department of Pathology, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, 100008, Kazakhstan
Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur Uttar Pradesh, Kanpur, 208016, India
Department of Zoology, Pt. Neki Ram Sharma Government College, Haryana, Rohtak, 124001, India
Department of Biomedicine, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, 100008, Kazakhstan
Department of Morphology and Physiology
Department of Pathology
Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering
Department of Zoology
Department of Biomedicine
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