Anatomical and Metabolome Features of Haloxylon aphyllum and Haloxylon persicum Elucidate the Resilience against Gall-Forming Insects
Terletskaya N.V. Mamirova A. Ashimuly K. Vibe Y.P. Krekova Y.A.
May 2024Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
2024#25Issue 9
Globally, gall-forming insects significantly contribute to the degradation of desert ecosystems. Recent studies have demonstrated that Haloxylon persicum suffers less damage from gall-formers compared to Haloxylon aphyllum. However, the mechanisms driving the long-term metabolic responses of these species to gall-forming biotic stress in their natural environment remain unclear. The current study comparatively analyzes the anatomical features and metabolomic changes in H. aphyllum and H. persicum damaged by gall-forming insects. This research aimed to uncover potential metabolic tolerance mechanisms through GC-MS analysis. The study findings indicate that gall-forming insects cause a reduction in nearly all the anatomical structures of Haloxylon shoots, with the effects being less severe in H. persicum than in H. aphyllum. Thus, the metabolic pathways responsible for the biosynthesis of biologically active substances that enhance resistance to gall inducers were different, specifically in H. aphyllum—the biosynthesis of fatty acids (+their derivatives) and γ-tocopherol (vitamin E) and H. persicum—the biosynthesis of fatty acids (+their derivatives), dialkyl ethers, carbohydrates (+their derivatives), aromatic acid derivatives, phytosterols, γ-tocopherol (vitamin E), phenols, and terpenoids. The results suggest that the modulation of metabolic pathways under biotic stress plays a crucial role in the enhanced survival and growth of H. persicum.
anatomy , Haloxylonspp , metabolome , resistance , secondary metabolites
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Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
A.N. Bukeikhan Kazakh Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry, Kirov 58, Shchuchinsk, 021704, Kazakhstan
Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology
Institute of Genetic and Physiology
A.N. Bukeikhan Kazakh Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry
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