Stearic acid induced hydrophobic protection of NaTi2(PO4)3for long-term operation in aqueous Na-ion systems
Tazhibayeva A. Tanash A. Zhigalenok Y. Abdimomyn S. Zhumadil K. Malchik F.
1 December 2025Elsevier B.V.
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
2025#998
In this work, we investigated the surface modification of NaTi2(PO4)3(NTP), with stearic acid to enhance its stability in aqueous sodium-ion batteries. Stearic acid coatings (1–3 wt%) were deposited via solution-assisted precipitation, forming thin hydrophobic layers on NTP particles without altering their crystalline structure. Structural characterization by XRD, FTIR, and SEM confirmed the successful incorporation of stearic acid and the preservation of the initial NTP structure. Contact angle measurements revealed a marked increase in surface hydrophobicity, from 69.1° for pristine NTP to ∼145° for modified samples. Electrochemical testing in 1 M NaClO4demonstrated that stearic acid coatings effectively suppressed parasitic side reactions, as evidenced by enhanced coulombic efficiency (up to 99.0 % at 2C). The optimized NTP/C-2 % sample achieved a balance between capacity retention (∼95 mAh g−1after 100 cycles) and high efficiency, outperforming several reported multi-step modification strategies. These findings highlight stearic acid modification as a simple, low-cost, and scalable approach for stabilizing NTP anodes in aqueous electrolytes by mitigating water- and oxygen-induced degradation.
aqueous sodium-ion battery , electrode/electrolyte interface , NaTi2(PO4)3 , parasitic reactions suppression
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Laboratory of Electrochemical Production Technologies, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Laboratory of Electrochemical Production Technologies
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