An Enhanced Fuzzy Routing Protocol for Energy Optimization in the Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
Tarif M. Homaei M. Mosavi A.
2025Tech Science Press
Computers, Materials and Continua
2025#83Issue 21791 - 1820 pp.
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are gaining popularity because of their potential uses in oceanography, seismic activity monitoring, environmental preservation, and underwater mapping. Yet, these networks are faced with challenges such as self-interference, long propagation delays, limited bandwidth, and changing network topologies. These challenges are coped with by designing advanced routing protocols. In this work, we present Under Water Fuzzy-Routing Protocol for Low power and Lossy networks (UWF-RPL), an enhanced fuzzy-based protocol that improves decision-making during path selection and traffic distribution over different network nodes. Our method extends RPL with the aid of fuzzy logic to optimize depth, energy, Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) to Expected Transmission Count (ETX) ratio, and latency. The proposed protocol outperforms other techniques in that it offers more energy efficiency, better packet delivery, low delay, and no queue overflow. It also exhibits better scalability and reliability in dynamic underwater networks, which is of very high importance in maintaining the network operations efficiency and the lifetime of UWSNs optimized. Compared to other recent methods, it offers improved network convergence time (10%–23%), energy efficiency (15%), packet delivery (17%), and delay (24%). Copyright
energy , fuzzy logic , load balancing , multipath , routing , Underwater sensor networks (UWSNs)
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Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
Department of Computer Systems Engineering and Telematics, University of Extremadura, Extremadura, Cáceres, 10003, Spain
Institute of the Information Society, Ludovika University of Public Service, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
John Von Neumann Faculty of Informatics, Obuda University, Budapest, 1034, Hungary
Department of Information and Computing Systems, Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Karaganda, 100000, Kazakhstan
Department of Computer Science
Department of Computer Systems Engineering and Telematics
Institute of the Information Society
John Von Neumann Faculty of Informatics
Department of Information and Computing Systems
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