GIS TECHNOLOGIES IN THE STUDY OF NATURAL RESULTS ESPECIALLY DANGEROUS DISEASES IN KAZAKHSTAN

Syzdykov M. Yeralieva L. Zhumadilova Z. Daulbaeva S. Sadovskaya V. Kussainova A. Rysbayev A. Kadyrmanov N.
January 2024 Georgian Association of Business Press

Georgian Medical News
2024 #346 Issue 1 68 - 79 pp.

Introduction: This study explores the application of GIS technologies in analyzing and visualizing spatial structures of especially dangerous infections (EPI) in Kazakhstan. International collaborations have facilitated projects studying the focal patterns of diseases, improving data analysis and visualization. Extensive electronic databases resulting from field research on EPI foci have elevated the studys depth. The dynamics of natural foci, influenced by intraspecific structures of infection carriers, are impacted by industrial and agricultural developments, urban expansions, and climate change. The study notes changes in the enzootic territory, affecting mammal migration and consequently altering natural focus boundaries. Industrial activities, rotational methods, and habitat changes contribute to the increased epidemic potential in enzootic areas. Despite anthropogenic and climatic influences, the prevalence of plague remains high in Kazakhstan, with a trend towards expanding enzootic territories. Materials and Methods: Unified electronic databases on plague, tularemia, anthrax, and other zoonoses, developed for GIS analysis, enable mapping and visualization of natural foci. Electronic maps aid in determining enzootic territory boundaries, assessing infectious disease activity, and planning preventive measures based on risk assessment. ESRIs ArcGIS Desktop 10.8 with Arc Toolbox modules facilitated data processing in the geoinformation environment. Data includes epidemiological examination results, species composition of carriers, and laboratory test outcomes, enhancing comprehensive analysis and decision-making for anti-epidemic measures. Results and Discussion: The study in Kazakhstan identifies and details six natural and twenty autonomous plague foci, categorizing them by main carriers and observing an expansion of natural hotspots. The enzootic territory is classified into four geographic zones, further divided into 105 landscape-epidemiological regions. Laboratory studies inform electronic maps for analyzing plagues dynamic situation. Anthrax prevalence, primarily in chernozem and chestnut soils, is assessed, revealing 1,778 unaffected settlements and spatially clustered points. An epidemiological index aids in zoning for anthrax trouble. Tularemias landscape occurrence is classified into four types, with spatial analysis revealing clusters and potential epidemic danger in specific regions. Geographic information technologies highlight high-risk areas, justifying preventive measures for dangerous infections. Conclusion: The results obtained serve as a scientific justification for the priority of preventive measures within the boundaries of administrative territories characterized by a high degree of potential epidemic danger and objectively indicate the prospects for the introduction of GIS technologies into the practice of epidemiological surveillance of particularly dangerous infections.

electronic databases , enzootic territory , especially dangerous infections , focal patterns , GIS technologies

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National Scientific Center for Particularly Dangerous Infections Named after. M. Aikimbaev, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Kazakh-Russian Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan

National Scientific Center for Particularly Dangerous Infections Named after. M. Aikimbaev
Kazakh-Russian Medical University
National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan

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