Evaluation of Air Pollutants Caused by Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene at Kazakhstan Petrochemical Industries Inc. LLP in 2022
Syman K. Saleh Z.M. Hasoon A. Dawood F.A. Awfi Z.S. Khaleel L.A. Nazym B. Bakytbekovich O.N. Masalov A.E.
December 2023Islamic Azad University
Journal of Chemical Health Risks
2023#13Issue 4753 - 760 pp.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene, toluene, and xylene are toxic air pollutants which are released into the atmosphere by various human activities such as gasoline production and use, chemical manufacturing and incineration of certain waste. These pollutants are also harmful to the environment, causing harm to plants, aquatic life, and soil quality. Therefore, it is important to implement measures to reduce emissions from these substances. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the air pollutants caused by benzene, toluene, and xylene at Kazakhstan Petrochemical Industries Inc. LLP in 2021–2022. In order to calculate the sample size for this cross-sectional study, the preliminary evaluation findings from a related study that measured the concentration of hydrocarbons in petrochemical facilities were employed. 281 samples were gathered between the winter and summer of 2022. The national institute for occupational safety and health (NIOSH) methods of 1501 was applied to conduct the sampling and analysis of pollutants. The air was sampled using a charcoal tube sampler that was attached to a pump. The chemicals were then extracted using the solvent carbon disulfide (CS2), and samples were then analyzed using a capillary-equipped gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23.0. The findings demonstrated that benzene concentrations in the sampling areas throughout the winter and summer were higher than the recommended value advised by the American conference of governmental industrial hygienists (ACGIH).
Benzene , Occupational exposure , Toluene , Volatile organic compounds , Xylenes
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Institute of Natural Sciences and Geography, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Department of Pharmacy, Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, Maysan, Iraq
Engineering Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
Department of Dental Industry Techniques, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq
National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
Non-profit Joint Stock Company, Semey Medical University, Department of Hospital Surgery, Semey, Kazakhstan
Department of Hospital and Pediatric Surgery, NJSC Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
Institute of Natural Sciences and Geography
Department of Pharmacy
Engineering Technical College
Department of Medical Laboratories Technology
Department of Dental Industry Techniques
National University of Science and Technology
Non-profit Joint Stock Company
Department of Hospital and Pediatric Surgery
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