Ethnic variations in warfarin pharmacogenetics: A comprehensive review
Svyatova G. Miyerbekov Y. Berezina G. Murtazaliyeva A. Tuleutayev R.
2025Open Science Publishers LLP Inc.
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science
2025#15Issue 435 - 42 pp.
The therapeutic dose of warfarin depends more on the patient’s genotype than on the type of disease. However, to date, no uniform algorithms have been developed for warfarin dosing in different nationalities. Hence, the study aims to evaluate and structure existing recommendations for warfarin prescription in different nations. A systematic search for the necessary information for 2011–2023 on the dosage of warfarin in different ethnic groups was conducted. The databases used for this search are PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The correlation between various genetic polymorphisms and the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of warfarin was revealed. This primarily refers to the presence of genes of the cytochrome P450 family and vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1. At the same time, the necessity of studying the genes CYP2C19, and gamma-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) is discussed. These genes can significantly improve the accuracy of existing pharmacogenetic algorithms, although they may slightly increase the individual variability of warfarin dosing.
algorithm , cytochrome , genetic polymorphism , Genotype , pharmacodynamics
Text of the article Перейти на текст статьи
Department of Republican Medical Genetic Consultation, Scientific Centre of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Perinatology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Department of Anaesthesiology, Reanimatology and Hyperbaric Oxygenation, Syzganov National Scientific Centre of Surgery, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Department of Science and Strategic Development, Scientific Centre of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Perinatology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Department of Postgraduate Education, Scientific Centre of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Perinatology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Department of Cardiac Surgery, Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Department of Republican Medical Genetic Consultation
Department of Anaesthesiology
Department of Science and Strategic Development
Department of Postgraduate Education
Department of Cardiac Surgery
10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель
Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026