The Nexus Between ICT, Trade Openness, Urbanization, Natural Resources, Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth
Sutbayeva R. Abdeshov D. Shodyrayeva S. Maukenova A. Bekteshi X. Doǧan M.
February 2024International Information and Engineering Technology Association
International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning
2024#19Issue 2723 - 730 pp.
This study aimed to identify the determinants of economic growth (Y) in Kazakhstan over the period 1990-2022. In other words, the effects of urbanization (URB), natural resources (NR), trade openness (TO), foreign direct investment (FDI), and ICT variables on Y were to be determined. In the study, ARDL method and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) were employed to determine the short and long-term effects. As a result of the analysis, it was found that URB, TO, FDI, and ICT increased Y in the short and long run. On the other hand, NR did not affect Y. The results of the VECM revealed a bilateral causality between URB, TO, FDI, ICT, and Y in the short and long run. Finally, no causality was found between NR and Y. These findings may help policymakers in realizing Kazakhstan s economic development goals.
economic growth , ICT , Kazakhstan , natural resources , urbanization
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Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Law, Caspian University of Technologies and Engineering Named after Sh. Yessenov, Aktau, 130000, Kazakhstan
Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kazakh National Medical University Named after S.D. Asfendiyarov, Almaty, 050000, Kazakhstan
St. Clement of Ohrid University of Bitola, Bitola, 7000, North Macedonia
Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, 11000, Turkey
Department of Management
Department of Health Policy and Management
St. Clement of Ohrid University of Bitola
Bilecik Seyh Edebali University
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