Constraining Big Bang nucleosynthesis in f(T,B,TG,BG) gravity
Sultan A.M. Ali M. Rani S. Azhar N. Myrzakulov N. Shaymatov S.
September 2025Elsevier B.V.
Nuclear Physics B
2025#1018
Big Bang nucleosynthes describes a significant process in the early universe, responsible for the formation of light nuclei a while after the Big Bang explosion. Its sensitivity to the expansion rate makes BBN an effective probe for testing deviations from standard cosmology, particularly within the framework of modified theories of gravity. In this article, we investigate the evolution of the Universe through Big Bang nucleosynthesis within the framework of f(T,B,TG,BG) gravity. Here, T,B,TG and BG correspond to the torsion, boundary term, teleparallel Gauss-Bonnet term, and Gauss-Bonnet boundary term, respectively. To explore the deviation from the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity, we apply the transformation f(T,B,TG,BG) = −T+F(T,B,TG,BG). For an in-depth analysis of the Big Bang nucleosynthesis, we choose five distinct models from gravity and compared the results with the observational limits on |[Formula presented]| to examine restrictions on the free parameters associated with these models. Our outcomes indicate that f(T,B,TG,BG) gravity can agree with the constraint of big bang nucleosynthesis, and hence build a valid view of the universe. Moreover, we take the limiting cases of the assumed theory, that is, f(T,B) and f(T) theories, which also ensure consistency with BBN data.
Text of the article Перейти на текст статьи
Department of Mathematics, University of Okara, Okara, 56300, Pakistan
Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore-Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
Institute for Theoretical Physics and Cosmology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
Department of Mathematics, National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Lahore-Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
Research Center of Astrophysics and Cosmology, Khazar University, 41 Mehseti Street, Baku, AZ1096, Azerbaijan
L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, 010008, Kazakhstan
Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research, National Research University TIIAME, Kori Niyoziy 39, Tashkent, 100000, Uzbekistan
University of Tashkent for Applied Sciences, Str. Gavhar 1, Tashkent, 100149, Uzbekistan
Western Caspian University, Baku, AZ1001, Azerbaijan
Department of Mathematics
Department of Mathematics
Institute for Theoretical Physics and Cosmology
Department of Mathematics
Research Center of Astrophysics and Cosmology
L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research
University of Tashkent for Applied Sciences
Western Caspian University
10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель
Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026