Recent Progress in Synthesis, POM Analyses and SAR of Coumarin-Hybrids as Potential Anti-HIV Agents—A Mini Review
Suleiman M. Almalki F.A. Ben Hadda T. Kawsar S.M.A. Chander S. Murugesan S. Bhat A.R. Bogoyavlenskiy A. Jamalis J.
November 2023Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Pharmaceuticals
2023#16Issue 11
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the primary cause of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), one of the deadliest pandemic diseases. Various mechanisms and procedures have been pursued to synthesise several anti-HIV agents, but due to the severe side effects and multidrug resistance spawning from the treatment of HIV/AIDS using highly active retroviral therapy (HAART), it has become imperative to design and synthesise novel anti-HIV agents. Literature has shown that natural sources, particularly the plant kingdom, can release important metabolites that have several biological, mechanistic and structural representations similar to chemically synthesised compounds. Certainly, compounds from natural and ethnomedicinal sources have proven to be effective in the management of HIV/AIDS with low toxicity, fewer side effects and affordability. From plants, fungi and bacteria, coumarin can be obtained, which is a secondary metabolite and is well known for its actions in different stages of the HIV replication cycle: protease, integrase and reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibition, cell membrane fusion and viral host attachment. These, among other reasons, are why coumarin moieties will be the basis of a good building block for the development of potent anti-HIV agents. This review aims to outline the synthetic pathways, structure–activity relationship (SAR) and POM analyses of coumarin hybrids with anti-HIV activity, detailing articles published between 2000 and 2023.
AIDS , coumarin , HAART , HIV , POM , reverse transcriptase , synthesis
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Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, 81310, Malaysia
Department of Chemistry, Sokoto State University, Birnin Kebbi Road, Sokoto, 852101, Nigeria
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, 21955, Saudi Arabia
Laboratory of Applied Chemistry & Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Premier University, MB 524, Oujda, 60000, Morocco
Laboratory of Carbohydrate and Nucleoside Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh
Amity Institute of Phytochemistry & Phytomedicine, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India
Department of Chemistry, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, 440033, India
Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan
Department of Chemistry
Department of Chemistry
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Laboratory of Applied Chemistry & Environment
Laboratory of Carbohydrate and Nucleoside Chemistry
Amity Institute of Phytochemistry & Phytomedicine
Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory
Department of Chemistry
Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology
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