Global, Regional, and National Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990-2023
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2 December 2025Elsevier Inc.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology
2025#86Issue 222167 - 2243 pp.
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and are among the foremost causes of disability globally. CVD burden has continued to increase in most countries since 1990, with trends driven by changing exposures to harmful risk factors, population growth, and population aging. Objectives: We report estimates of global, national, and subnational CVD burden, including 18 subdiseases and 12 associated modifiable risk factors. We analyzed change in CVD burden from 1990 to 2023 and identified drivers of change including population growth, population aging, and risk factor exposure. Methods: The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023 study, a multinational collaborative research study, quantified burden due to 375 diseases including CVD burden and identified drivers of change from 1990 to 2023 using all available data and statistical models. GBD 2023 estimated the population-level burden of diseases in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2023. Results: CVDs were the leading cause of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths estimated in the GBD. As of 2023, there were 437 million (95% UI: 401 to 465 million) CVD DALYs globally, a 1.4-fold increase from the number in 1990 of 320 million (292 to 344 million). Ischemic heart disease, intracerebral hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, and hypertensive heart disease were the leading cardiovascular causes of DALYs in 2023 globally. As of 2023, age-standardized CVD DALY rates were highest in low and low-middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI) settings and lowest in high SDI settings. The number of CVD deaths increased globally from 13.1 million (95% UI: 12.2 to 14.0 million) in 1990 to 19.2 million (95% UI: 17.4 to 20.4 million) in 2023. The number of prevalent cases of CVD more than doubled since 1990, with 311 million (95% UI: 294 to 333 million) prevalent cases of CVD in 1990 and 626 million (95% UI: 591 to 672 million) prevalent cases in 2023 globally. A total of 79.6% (95% UI: 75.7% to 82.5%) of CVD burden is attributable to modifiable risk factors 347 million [95% UI: 318 to 373 million] DALYs in 2023). Globally, high systolic blood pressure, dietary risks, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and air pollution were the modifiable risks responsible for most attributable CVD burden in 2023. Since 1990, changes in exposure to modifiable risk factors have had mixed effects on CVD burden, with increases in high body mass index, high fasting plasma glucose, and low physical activity leading to higher burden, while reductions in tobacco usage have mitigated some of these increases. Population growth and population aging were the main drivers of the increasing burden since 1990, adding 128 million (95% UI: 115 to 139 million) and 139 million (95% UI: 126 to 151 million) CVD DALYs to the increase in CVD burden since 1990. Conclusions: CVD remains the leading cause of disease burden and death worldwide with the greatest burden in low, low-middle, and middle SDI regions. Large variation exists in CVD burden even for countries at similar levels of development, a gap explained substantially by known, modifiable risk factors that are inadequately controlled. The decades-long increase in CVD burden was the result of population growth, population aging, and increased exposure to a subset of risk factors led by metabolic risks. Countries will need to adopt effective health system and public health strategies if they are to progress in achieving global goals to reduce the burden of CVD.
cardiovascular disease , epidemiology , global health
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Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
Amity Institute of Public Health and Hospital Administration, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Nursing, Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
School of Health & Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom
Department of Medical Rehabilitation, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong, China
Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Infectious and Tropical Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
College of Pharmacy, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
Department of Epidemiology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
Department of Medicine, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ, United States
Basic Science Department, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
Chemistry Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, United States
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Department of Medicine, Memorial University, St. Johns, NL, Canada
Institute of Health, Jimma University, Dambi Dollo, Ethiopia
Public Health Department, Department of Health, Jimma, Ethiopia
health, Diabetes Research Center, Jimma, Ethiopia
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
Global Burden of Disease Support team, Research and Development Solutions, Islamabad, Pakistan
Department of Physiotherapy, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Nigeria
Department of General Surgery and Clinical Anatomy, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Department of Midwifery, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
Department of Emergency Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
School of Pharmacy, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Department of Botany, Sree Narayana Guru College Chelannur, Kozhikode, India
Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abuja, Nigeria
Department of Community Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
Department of Surgery, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
Department of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
Department of Radiology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
Department of Research and Development, Healthy Africans Platform, Ibadan, Nigeria
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
Zoology Department, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
Cardiovascular Disease, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics Department, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
of Public Health, St. Lukes International University, Tokyo, Japan
Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Salman International University, Rus Sudr, Egypt
Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Medical Research Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
College of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Department of Pharmacy, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Jumla, Nepal
Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
Department of Population Health, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
Department of Human Anatomy, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Nigeria
Department of Anatomy, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Department of Surgery and Physiology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Department of Microbiology, Ladoke Akintola University, Osogbo, Nigeria
Independent Consultant, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
Department of Pediatrics, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
Center for Cardiovascular Risk Research, Center for Cardiovascular Risk Research, Johnson City, TN, United States
Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
Translational Research Team, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
Department of Family Medicine, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
Department of Family Medicine, Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Department of Microbiology, Edo State University Uzairue, Iyamho, Nigeria
Department of Physiology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria
Department of Statistics, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia
Department of Community Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Nepal
Public Health Section, Himalayan Environment and Public Health Network (HEPHN), Chitwan, Nepal
Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
Department of Pharmacy, Muhammadiyah University of Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia
Tehran university school of medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
Department of Public Health, Universitas Padjadjaran (Padjadjaran University), Bandung, Indonesia
Department of Health Administration and Education, University of Education Winneba, Winneba, Ghana
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
Department of surgery, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
Department of Statistics, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osogbo, Nigeria
School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
Department of Community Medicine, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
Department of Public Health, Public Health Institute, Lahore, Pakistan
Department of New Initiatives, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Department of Physiology, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, India
College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, India
Department of Neurosurgery, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Health Research and Innovation Sciences Center, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania
SPRINT Sport physical activity and health research & innovation center, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
Department of Public Health Sciences, Queens University, Kingston, ON, Canada
Rajaie Trauma Research center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Statistics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
College of Applied Sciences, Almaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Department of Health Informatics, Qassim University, Buraidha, Saudi Arabia
School of Nursing, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, United States
Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad, Pakistan
School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health (IDGPH), University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Department of Womens and Childrens Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Medical Laboratory Science Department, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Mangalore, India
Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
College of Nursing, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Department of Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Department of Assistance Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
Department of Nursing, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
ICT Convergence Research Centre, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea
National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia
Department of Medical Physiology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Nazarbayev University, Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
Lifestyle Diseases Research Entity, North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
School of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
Department of Cardiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Department of Infection Prevention & Control, Baylor Scott & White Health, Frisco, TX, United States
VentrureBlick
Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
Department of Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
Middle East, Eurasia, and Africa Influenza Stakeholders Network, Muscat, Oman
Department of Geriatric and Long Term Care, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
Fundamentals and Administration Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TX, United States
School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Bahrain
Department of Research and Development, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
Clinical Epidemiology Center, US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), St. Louis, MO, United States
Murdoch Business School, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
Preventive Dentistry Department, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, tehran, Iran
School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
School of Nursing, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
Department of Health Information Management and Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Public Health Department, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Al-Ayen Iraqi University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, University of Science and Technology, Sanaa, Yemen, Sanaa, Yemen
Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
Cardiovascular Division, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States
Department of Community and Mental Health, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
Fundamentals and Administration Department, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
Heart Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Respiratory Therapy Program, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
General Directorate of Research and Studies, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Department of Midwifery, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, Mycology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
College of Nursing, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
Department of Health Services and Hospital Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Health Economics Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Adult Health and Critical Care Department, Sultan Qabos University, Alseeb, Oman
Faculty of Dentistry, Ibn Al-Nafis University for Medical Sciences, Sanaa, Yemen
Department of Health, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
Faculty of Health, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Department of Medical Rehabilitation (Physiotherapy), University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
Biomedical Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
Department of Nuclear Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
The School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, NSW, Amman, Jordan
Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
College of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
Prince Hamza Hospital, Prince Hamza Hospital, Amman, Jordan
Bordeaux School of Public Health, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
BRAC Institute of Governance and Development, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Independent Consultant, Amman, Jordan
Rehabilitation Sciences Department, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
Ophthalmology Department, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
Department of Clinical Nursing, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Sanaa University, Sana`a, Yemen
Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physical Therapy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
Faculty of Nursing, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
American University of the Middle East, Egaila, Kuwait
Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
Department of Nursing, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
Macro-Fiscal Policy Department, Ministry of Finance, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Department of Emergency Medicine, Sanaa University, Sanaa, Yemen
Pediatric Emergency Medicine Department, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
Internal Medicine Department, University of Missouri, Kansas, MO, United States
Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Lukes Mid America Heart Institute, Kasnas, MO, United States
Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Department of Basic Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Faculty of Health Sciences, Equator University of Science and Technology, Uganda, Masaka, Uganda
Research, Policy, and Training Directorate, Jordan Center for Disease Control, Amman, Jordan
Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
Department of Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
Research Group in Health Economics, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies, Universidad de la Costa (University of the Coast), Barranquilla, Colombia
Department of Economic Sciences, Universidad de la Costa (University of the Coast), Barranquilla, Colombia
National Health Observatory, National Institute of Health, Bogota, Colombia
Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
Department of Medical Sciences, Azal University for Human Development, Sanaa, Yemen
Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Fujairah, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
Department of Pediatrics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Department of Physiotherapy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
Department of Pathological Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
Maternal and Child Health Division (MCHD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, United Kingdom
Global Health Advocacy Incubator (GHAI), University of Central Nicaragua, Washington, DC, United States
Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Heart Failure Research Center., Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Translational Pphthalmology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
School of Sport, Exercise, Rehabilitation Scinces, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
Faculty of Public Health, Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons, Accra, Ghana
Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
Spiritual Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
De Gasperis Cardio Center, Niguarda Hospital, Milano, Italy
Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
Public Health Institute, Accra, Ghana
Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
Department of Maternal and Child Wellbeing, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
Department of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
Department of Internal Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
Center for Biomedical Image Computing & Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Department of General Medicine, Eastern Health, Box Hill, VIC, Australia
Tehran University of Medical Sciences- Orthopedic Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Centre for Sensorimotor Performance, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Neurology Department, Royal Brisbane and Womens Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Department of Cardiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers University, Toms River, NJ, United States
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
Department of General Medicine, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Vietnam, Thai Binh City, Viet Nam
Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
Department of Physiotherapy, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India
School of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Department of Public Health, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria
Department of Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria
Regenerative Medicine, Organ Procurement and Transplantation Multi-disciplinary Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences (CIRBSc), Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
Department of Surgery, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia
Department of Social Sciences, Berekum College of Education, Berekum, Ghana
School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
Gastroenterology Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
College of Art and Science, Ottawa University, Surprise, AZ, United States
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
Department of Public Health, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
Care in Long Term Condi
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Department of Health Metrics Sciences
Amity Institute of Public Health and Hospital Administration
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences
Department of Nursing
Menzies Institute for Medical Research
School of Health & Life Sciences
Department of Medical Rehabilitation
Student Research Committee
Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health
Department of Neuroscience
Infectious and Tropical Research Center
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center
College of Pharmacy
Department of Epidemiology
Department of Neurology
Department of Medicine
Basic Science Department
Chemistry Department
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine
Department of Medical Laboratory Science
Department of Medicine
Institute of Health
Public Health Department
health
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Global Burden of Disease Support team
Department of Physiotherapy
Department of Physiotherapy
Department of General Surgery and Clinical Anatomy
Department of Midwifery
Department of Neurosurgery
Keck School of Medicine
Department of Emergency Medicine
School of Pharmacy
Department of Botany
Department of Internal Medicine
Department of Community Medicine
Department of Neurosurgery
Department of Surgery
Department of Family and Community Health
School of Population Health
Cardiovascular Research Center
Department of Radiology
Research Center for Immunodeficiencies
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics
Department of Sport
Department of Research and Development
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Zoology Department
Cardiovascular Disease
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Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics Department
of Public Health
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Medical Research Center
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College of Pharmacy
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Department of Population Health
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Stanford University
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School of Medicine
Centre for Social Research in Health
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University College Hospital
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Center for Cardiovascular Risk Research
Menzies School of Health Research
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Melanoma Institute Australia
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Public Health Section
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Research School of Population Health
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Tehran university school of medicine
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National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities
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School of Medicine
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Vadu Rural Health Program
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College of Health Sciences and Medicine
MM College of Pharmacy
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College of Medicine
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St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center
Punjab Medical College
School of Public Health
Physiology Research Center
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Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute
Medical Laboratory Science Department
Department of Biosciences
Manipal College of Dental Sciences
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College of Nursing
Department of Pathology and Microbiology
Department of Epidemiology
College of Medicine and Public Health
Department of Medicine
Department of Assistance Medical Sciences
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology
Department of Nursing
Brody School of Medicine
ICT Convergence Research Centre
National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute
Faculty of Medicine and Public Health
Department of Medical Physiology
Oxford Vaccine Group
Department of Physiology
Nazarbayev University
Lifestyle Diseases Research Entity
Department of Internal Medicine
Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases
Biomedical Engineering Department
School of Medicine
Department of Cardiology
Department of Infection Prevention & Control
VentrureBlick
Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine
Feinberg School of Medicine
Department of Communicable Diseases
Middle East
Department of Geriatric and Long Term Care
Rumailah Hospital
Division of Public Health Sciences
Fundamentals and Administration Department
Al Al-Bayt University
Faculty of Pharmacy
School of Pharmacy
School of Public Health
School of Medicine
Department of Epidemiology
Department of Biology
Department of Research and Development
Clinical Epidemiology Center
Murdoch Business School
Preventive Dentistry Department
department of oral and maxillofacial surgery
School of Health and Environmental Studies
School of Nursing
School of Nursing and Midwifery
Department of Surgery
Department of Health Information Management and Technology
Public Health Department
Department of Clinical Pharmacy
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice
Department of Medical Engineering
Cardiovascular Division
Department of Community and Mental Health
Fundamentals and Administration Department
Division of Pediatric Cardiology
Heart Center
Respiratory Therapy Program
General Directorate of Research and Studies
College of Pharmacy
School of Pharmacy
Department of Midwifery
School of Pharmacy
Hematology
Department of Bacteriology
Global Centre for Environmental Remediation
Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health
College of Nursing
Department of Health Services and Hospital Administration
Health Economics Research Group
Adult Health and Critical Care Department
Faculty of Dentistry
Department of Health
Department of Public Health and Primary Care
College of Dental Medicine
Faculty of Health
Department of Pharmacy
Department of Medical Rehabilitation (Physiotherapy)
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences
Department of Biosciences
Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology
Biomedical Engineering Department
Department of Nuclear Medicine
Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
The School of Medicine
Institute of Health and Wellbeing
School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine
The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering
Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy
Department of Clinical Pharmacy
Department of Biomedical Sciences
Department of Public Health and Community Medicine
International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding
College of Life Sciences
Faculty of Medicine
Prince Hamza Hospital
Bordeaux School of Public Health
BRAC Institute of Governance and Development
Independent Consultant
Rehabilitation Sciences Department
Department of Medicine
Department of Urology
Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences
Ophthalmology Department
Department of Clinical Nursing
Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition
Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition
Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physical Therapy
Faculty of Nursing
Department of Respiratory Care
American University of the Middle East
Department of Allied Medical Sciences
Department of Nursing
Macro-Fiscal Policy Department
Department of Emergency Medicine
Pediatric Emergency Medicine Department
Internal Medicine Department
Department of Internal Medicine
Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences
Department of Basic Sciences
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
Faculty of Health Sciences
Research
Applied Science Research Center
Department of Specialty Internal Medicine
Department of Medicine
Research Group in Health Economics
Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies
Department of Economic Sciences
National Health Observatory
Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences
Department of Medical Sciences
Department of Clinical Sciences
Department of Pediatrics
Institute of Public Health
Department of Physiotherapy
Department of Pathological Sciences
Faculty of Medicine
Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics
Department of Clinical Pharmacy
Maternal and Child Health Division (MCHD)
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Global Health Advocacy Incubator (GHAI)
Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute
Translational Pphthalmology Research Center
School of Sport
Department of Biomedical Science
School of Global Public Health
Faculty of Public Health
Division of Health Research
Student Research Committee
Health Policy Research Center
Public Health and Community Medicine Department
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
Social Determinants of Health Research Center
Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center
Non-communicable Diseases Research Center
Tehran Heart Center
Department of Food Safety and Hygiene
Spiritual Health Research Center
De Gasperis Cardio Center
Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
Public Health Institute
Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences
Department of Maternal and Child Wellbeing
Department of Medicine
Department of Internal Medicine
Center for Biomedical Image Computing & Analytics
University of Bologna
Department of General Medicine
Tehran University of Medical Sciences- Orthopedic Department
Faculty of Pharmacy
Centre for Sensorimotor Performance
Neurology Department
Faculty of Medicine and Health
Sydney Musculoskeletal Health
Department of Cardiology
Department of Internal Medicine
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
Department of General Medicine
Department of Pharmacology
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Department of Physiotherapy
School of Public Health
Department of Public Health
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
Department of Microbiology
Regenerative Medicine
Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences (CIRBSc)
School of Chemical and Life Sciences
Department of Surgery
Department of Pathology
Rural Health Research Institute
Department of Social Sciences
School of Public Health
Division of Gastroenterology
Gastroenterology Department
Health Management and Economics Research Center
Department of Clinical Sciences
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
College of Pharmacy
Department of Applied Mathematics
College of Art and Science
School of Life Sciences
Department of Public Health
Care in Long Term Condi
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