Thinness, overweight, and obesity in 6- to 9-year-old children from 36 countries: The World Health Organization European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative—COSI 2015–2017
Spinelli A. Buoncristiano M. Nardone P. Starc G. Hejgaard T. Júlíusson P.B. Fismen A.-S. Weghuber D. Musić Milanović S. García-Solano M. Rutter H. Rakovac I. Cucu A. Brinduse L.A. Rito A.I. Kovacs V.A. Heinen M.M. Nurk E. Mäki P. Abdrakhmanova S. Rakhmatulleoeva S. Duleva V. Farrugia SantAngelo V. Fijałkowska A. Gualtieri A. Sacchini E. Hassapidou M. Hyska J. Kelleher C.C. Kujundžić E. Kunešová M. Markidou Ioannidou E. Ostojic S.M. Peterkova V. Petrauskienė A. Popović S. Pudule I. Russell Jonsson K. Dal-Re Saavedra M.Á. Salanave B. Shengelia L. Spiroski I. Tanrygulyyeva M. Tichá Ľ. Usupova Z. Ozcebe L.H. Abildina A. Schindler K. Weber M.W. Filipović Hadžiomeragić A. Melkumova M. Stojisavljević D. Boymatova K. Williams J. Breda J.
November 2021John Wiley and Sons Inc
Obesity Reviews
2021#22Issue S6
In 2015–2017, the fourth round of the World Health Organization (WHO) European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) was conducted in 36 countries. National representative samples of children aged 6–9 (203,323) were measured by trained staff, with similar equipment and using a standardized protocol. This paper assesses the childrens body weight status and compares the burden of childhood overweight, obesity, and thinness in Northern, Eastern, and Southern Europe and Central Asia. The results show great geographic variability in height, weight, and body mass index. On average, the children of Northern Europe were the tallest, those of Southern Europe the heaviest, and the children living in Central Asia the lightest and the shortest. Overall, 28.7% of boys and 26.5% of girls were overweight (including obesity) and 2.5% and 1.9%, respectively, were thin according to the WHO definitions. The prevalence of obesity varied from 1.8% of boys and 1.1% of girls in Tajikistan to 21.5% and 19.2%, respectively, in Cyprus, and tended to be higher for boys than for girls. Levels of thinness, stunting, and underweight were relatively low, except in Eastern Europe (for thinness) and in Central Asia. Despite the efforts to halt it, unhealthy weight status is still an important problem in the WHO European Region.
malnutrition , obesity , prevention , thinness
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National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Rome, Italy
World Health Organization (WHO) European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Division of Country Health Programmes, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Moscow, Russian Federation
Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Health Promotion and Inequality, Danish Health Authority, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Health Registry Research and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Department of Health Promotion and Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Madrid, Spain
Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
Faculty of Midwifery and Nursing, Discipline of Public health and Health Management, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
National Centre of Health Promotion and Health Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Management, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
WHO/Europe Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Childhood Obesity - Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
Hungarian School Sport Federation, Budapest, Hungary
National Nutrition Surveillance Centre, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Department of Nutrition Research, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Science and Professional Development, National Center of Public Health of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan School of Public Health, Kazakhstans Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Department of the Organization of Medical Services for Mothers, Children and Family Planning Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
Department Food and Nutrition, National Center of Public Health and Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria
Primary Child Health Unit, Primary Health Care, Floriana, Malta
Department of Cardiology, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
Health Authority, Ministry of Health, San Marino, San Marino
Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
Nutrition and Food Safety Sector, Institute of Public Health, Tirana, Albania
Center for Health Ecology, Institute of Public Health, Podgorica, Montenegro
Obesity Management Centre, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
Department of Medical and Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Nicosia, Cyprus
Biomedical Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
Institute of Paediatric Endocrinology, National Medical Research Centre for Endocrinology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
Department of Preventive Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Niksic, Montenegro
Montenegrin Sports Academy, Podgorica, Montenegro
Department of Research and Health Statistics, Centre for Disease and Prevention Control, Riga, Latvia
Department of Living Conditions and Lifestyle, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
Departement of Non-Communicable Diseases and Traumatisms, Santé publique France, the French Public Health Agency, Saint Maurice, France
Nutritional Surveillance and Epidemiology Team (ESEN), University Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
Maternal, Child and Reproductive Health, National Center for Disease Control and Public Health of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
Institute of Public Health, Skopje, North Macedonia
Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
Scientific Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
Childrens Hospital National Institute of Childrens Diseases, Medical Faculty, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
Republican Center for Health Promotion and Mass Communication, Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Medical Faculty, Department of Public Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
National Center of Public Health, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan/WHO Collaborating Center for Promoting Healthy Lifestyle, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Federal Ministry Social Affairs, Health Care and Consumer Protection, Division of Mother, Child, Gender Health and Nutrition, Vienna, Austria
World Health Organization (WHO) Child and Adolescent Health and Development, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Hygiene, Health Ecology Service, Institute of Public Health of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Arabkir Medical Centre- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Yerevan, Armenia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Public Health Institute of Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-course, WHO Tajikistan Country Office, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
World Health Organization (WHO) European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases
Faculty of Sport
Health Promotion and Inequality
Department of Health Registry Research and Development
Department of Clinical Science
Department of Health Promotion and Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures
Department of Pediatrics
Croatian Institute of Public Health
School of Medicine
Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition
Department of Social and Policy Sciences
Faculty of Midwifery and Nursing
National Centre of Health Promotion and Health Evaluation
Faculty of Medicine
WHO/Europe Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Childhood Obesity - Food and Nutrition Department
Hungarian School Sport Federation
National Nutrition Surveillance Centre
Department of Nutrition Research
Public Health and Welfare
Department of Science and Professional Development
Kazakhstan School of Public Health
Department of the Organization of Medical Services for Mothers
Department Food and Nutrition
Primary Child Health Unit
Department of Cardiology
Health Authority
Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics
Nutrition and Food Safety Sector
Center for Health Ecology
Obesity Management Centre
Department of Medical and Public Health Services
Biomedical Sciences Department
Institute of Paediatric Endocrinology
Department of Preventive Medicine
Faculty for Sport and Physical Education
Montenegrin Sports Academy
Department of Research and Health Statistics
Department of Living Conditions and Lifestyle
Departement of Non-Communicable Diseases and Traumatisms
Nutritional Surveillance and Epidemiology Team (ESEN)
Maternal
Institute of Public Health
Faculty of Medicine
Scientific Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health
Childrens Hospital National Institute of Childrens Diseases
Republican Center for Health Promotion and Mass Communication
Medical Faculty
National Center of Public Health
Federal Ministry Social Affairs
World Health Organization (WHO) Child and Adolescent Health and Development
Department of Hygiene
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health
Faculty of Medicine
Public Health Institute of Republic of Srpska
Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-course
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