social work–based engagement into a precision tool for governance optimization across urban–rural, gender, and generational divides. © 2025 Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
10.1371/journal.pone.0337520
202512 December
20
#a ! Zhang X. ! | b ! Burkhanova D. ! | a ! Yang Y. ! | c ! Tian J. ! tianjingwei21@mails.jlu.edu.cnIssue a ! AL-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan | b ! Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan | c ! College of Philosophy and Sociology Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
December 2025
PLOS ONE
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