Phytochemical Profiling of Ferula varia Extract and Its Antibiofilm Activity Against Streptococcus mutans
Smagulov M.K. Levaya Y.K. Badekova K.Z. Ivasenko S.A. Atazhanova G.A. Gabe V. Ishmuratova M.Y. Kacergius T.
November 2025Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Molecules
2025#30Issue 21
Dental caries is a major global health concern, with Streptococcus mutans playing a key role in biofilm formation and acid production, which lead to enamel demineralization. Natural products, particularly plant-derived extracts, offer promising alternatives to conventional antibacterial agents. This study aimed to analyze the chemical composition of Ferula varia 70% ethanol extract (FVE) and evaluate its potential to inhibit biofilm formation by S. mutans. The aerial parts of F. varia were extracted with 70% ethanol and analyzed using LC-UV-ESI-MS/MS to determine the chemical profile. The anti-biofilm activity of FVE was evaluated using a crystal violet assay against S. mutans. Phytochemical analysis identified 14 compounds, including major phenolic acids (e.g., chlorogenic acid, gallic acid) and flavonoids (e.g., isoquercitrin, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside). FVE exhibited significant, dose-dependent inhibition of S. mutans biofilm formation. Importantly, the FVE concentration of 5 mg/mL inhibited S. mutans biofilm development by 100%. The potent antibiofilm activity of FVE against S. mutans is likely due to the synergistic action of its rich content of phenolic acids and flavonoids, which possess known anti-virulence properties. These findings support the potential use of FVE as a natural ingredient in oral hygiene products to prevent dental plaque and caries.
antibacterial activity , biofilm inhibition , Ferula varia , phytochemicals , Streptococcus mutans
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Research Park of Biotechnology and Eco-Monitoring, Karaganda Buketov University, Universitetskaya Street, 28, Karaganda, 100028, Kazakhstan
School of Pharmacy, Karaganda Medical University, Gogol Street, 40, Karaganda, 100017, Kazakhstan
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Ciurlionio Str. 21, Vilnius, 03101, Lithuania
Research Park of Biotechnology and Eco-Monitoring
School of Pharmacy
Department of Physiology
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