Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Influenza Circulation During the 2020/21 and 2021/22 Seasons, in Europe
Sinnathamby M. Meslé M. Mook P. Pebody R. Bino S. Hasibra I. Bakunts N. Abovyan R. Khachtryan E. Redlberger-Fritz M. Mursalova N. Aliyeva F. Vysotskaya V. Shmialiova N. Karaban I. Bossuyt N. Barbezange C. Musa S. Vukmir N.R. Ljubović A.D. Baštinac D. Vladimirov N. Korsun N. Trifonova I. Tabain I. Petrović G. Karagiannis C. Haralambous C. Jirincova H. Kyncl J. Trebbien R. Vestergaard L.S. Sadikova O. Eero I. Metsoja E. Ikonen N. Lyytikäinen O. Nohynek H. Fournier L. Guerrisi C. Valette M. Machablishvili A. Buda S. Dürrwald R. Gioula G. Mary E. Mellou K. Rózsa M. Molnár Z. Armannsdottir B. Aspelund G. O’Donnell J. Domegan L. Connell J. Mandelboim M. Glatman-Freedman A. Puzelli S. Palamara A.T. Maraglino F. Smagulova S.M.K. Userbayev A.S. Kalaveshi A. Jakupi X. Gunga Z.K. Otorbaeva D.S. Abdyldaeva S.Z. Esengeldiev G.M. Vasiļevska D. Tomašūna K.K. Savicka O. Gargasiene G. Muralyte S. Nguyen T.-N. Mossong J. Abdelrahman T.T. Melillo T. Zahra G. Melillo J. Rakocevic B. Zekovic Z. Medenica S. de Lange M. Meijer A. Kochinski D. Boshevska G. Paulsen T. Bragstad K. Brydak L.B. Hallmann E. Szymański K. Rodrigues A.P. Verdasca N. Guiomar R. Druc A. Apostol M. Popescu R. Popovici O. Lazar M. Komissarov A.B. Fadeev A. Stolyarov K. Protic J. Avdičová M. Mečochová A. Staroňová E. Sočan M. Prosenc K. Berginc N. Larrauri A. Mazagatos C. Pozo F. Appelqvist E. Carnahan A. Cabecinhas A.R.G. Spedaliero T. Jafarov N. Safarova T. Barotova B. Kovalchuk T. Altas A.B. Avci E. Ozdemir B. Ovliyakulova G. Dykhanovska T. Demchyshyna I. Koshako O. Watson C. Zambon M. Lakhani A. Shepherd S. Bradley D.T. Curran T. Moore C. Cottrell S. Kudasheva L. Djemileva S. Pleshkov B.
May 2024John Wiley and Sons Inc
Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses
2024#18Issue 5
Background: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019 saw the implementation of public health and social measures (PHSM) by countries across Europe to reduce its transmission and impact on populations. Consequently, countries reported changes in influenza circulation and extensive disruptions to routine surveillance systems. Methods: We describe the epidemiology of influenza in Europe between Weeks 40/2020 and 39/2022 compared to the 2016/17 to 2019/20 seasons, to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and PHSM on surveillance systems and influenza circulation. Results: Low detections of influenza were observed through primary care sentinel sources during seasonal influenza periods (Week 40 to 20); 56 (of 39,457 specimens tested; < 1% positivity) in 2020/21 and 7261 (of 64,153 specimens tested; 11% positivity) detections in 2021/22 were observed, compared to an average of 18,383 (of 50,544 specimens tested; 36% positivity) detections in 2016/17 to 2019/20. Similarly, 11 (of 19,989 specimens tested; < 1% positivity) and 1488 (of 23,636 specimens tested; 6% positivity) detections were reported through SARI surveillance sources in 2020/21 and 2021/22, respectively, compared to an average of 2850 (of 10,389 specimens tested; 27% positivity) detections in 2016/17 to 2019/20. However, the 2021/22 interseasonal period saw unusual increases in influenza detections across surveillance site types when PHSM were easing. Conclusion: In conclusion, findings suggest that the restriction and easing of PHSM measures were associated with variations in influenza detections. Our observations of out-of-season influenza activity highlight the importance of an integrated respiratory surveillance strategy to monitor circulating respiratory viruses throughout the year to inform optimal prevention and control strategies.
COVID-19 pandemic , epidemiology , Europe , influenza , non-sentinel , sentinel , severity , surveillance
Text of the article Перейти на текст статьи
World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute of Public Health, Tirana, Albania
National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yerevan, Armenia
Medical University, Vienna, Austria
Ministry of Health of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan
Republican Center for Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health, Minsk, Belarus
Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Minsk, Belarus
Ministry of Public Health of the Republic of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
National Influenza Centre, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
Public Health Institute of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Public Health Institute of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Faculty of Medicine University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
Nicosia General Hospital, Strovolos, Cyprus
Ministry of Health, Nicosia, Cyprus
National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
The Estonian Health Board, Tallinn, Estonia
Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
Sante publique France, Paris, France
Centre National de Reference France, Lyon, France
National Center for Disease Control and Public Health Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
National Influenza Centre for N. Greece, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
National Influenza Laboratory for S. Greece, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
National Public Health Organization, Athens, Greece
National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
Centre for Health Security and Communicable Disease Control, Reykjavik, Iceland
Health Service Executive, Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Ireland
Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel
Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
Ministry of Health (Italy), Rome, Italy
National Center for Public Health of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan
National Institute of Public Health of Kosovo, Pristina, Kosovo
Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
National Public Health Center under the Ministry of Health, Vilnius, Lithuania
National Public Health Surveillance Laboratory, Vilnius, Lithuania
Laboratoire National De Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg
Ministry for Health, Valletta, Malta
Institute of Public Health of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Netherlands
Institute of Public Health of the Republic of North Macedonia, Skopje, North Macedonia
Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
National Agency for Public Health, Chișinău, Moldova
National Institute of Public Health Romania, Bucharest, Romania
Cantacuzino Military-Medical Research and Development National Institute, Bucharest, Romania
National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after N. F. Gamalei of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera “Torlak”, Belgrade, Serbia
Regional Public Health Authority, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, Bratslava, Slovakia
National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
National Laboratory for Health, Environment and Food, Maribor, Slovenia
National Center of Epidemiology, CIBERESP, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
National Center of Microbiology, CIBERESP, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
General Directorate of Public Health, Türkiye Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
Ministry of Health and Medical Industry of Turkmenistan, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
Public Health Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
UK Health Security Agency, England, London, United Kingdom
NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Scotland, Glasgow, United Kingdom
Public Health Agency Northern Ireland, Northern Ireland, Belfast, United Kingdom
Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Northern Ireland, Belfast, United Kingdom
Public Health Wales, Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare and Public Health Service of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe
Institute of Public Health
National Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Medical University
Ministry of Health of Azerbaijan
Republican Center for Hygiene
Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology
Ministry of Public Health of the Republic of Belarus
Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases
National Influenza Centre
Public Health Institute of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Public Health Institute of the Republic of Srpska
Faculty of Medicine University of Banja Luka
Clinical Center University of Sarajevo
National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases
Croatian Institute of Public Health
Nicosia General Hospital
Ministry of Health
National Institute of Public Health
Statens Serum Institute
The Estonian Health Board
Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
Sante publique France
Centre National de Reference France
National Center for Disease Control and Public Health Georgia
Robert Koch Institute
National Influenza Centre for N. Greece
National Influenza Laboratory for S. Greece
National Public Health Organization
National Public Health Center
Landspitali University Hospital
Centre for Health Security and Communicable Disease Control
Health Service Executive
National Virus Reference Laboratory
Israel Ministry of Health
Istituto Superiore di Sanità
Ministry of Health (Italy)
National Center for Public Health of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan
National Institute of Public Health of Kosovo
Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic
Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Latvia
National Public Health Center under the Ministry of Health
National Public Health Surveillance Laboratory
Laboratoire National De Santé
Ministry for Health
Institute of Public Health of Montenegro
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)
Institute of Public Health of the Republic of North Macedonia
Norwegian Institute of Public Health
National Research Institute
National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge
National Agency for Public Health
National Institute of Public Health Romania
Cantacuzino Military-Medical Research and Development National Institute
National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after N. F. Gamalei of the Ministry of Health of Russia
Institute of Virology
Regional Public Health Authority
Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic
National Institute of Public Health
National Laboratory for Health
National Center of Epidemiology
National Center of Microbiology
Public Health Agency of Sweden
University of Geneva Hospitals
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tajikistan
General Directorate of Public Health
Ministry of Health and Medical Industry of Turkmenistan
Public Health Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine
UK Health Security Agency
NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde
Public Health Agency Northern Ireland
Belfast Health and Social Care Trust
Public Health Wales
Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare and Public Health Service of the Republic of Uzbekistan
10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель
Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026