Global, regional, and national burden of allergic disorders and their risk factors in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Shin Y.H. Hwang J. Kwon R. Lee S.W. Kim M.S. Shin J.I. Yon D.K. Abate Y.H. Abbasi-Kangevari M. Abbasi-Kangevari Z. Abdelmasseh M. Abdulah D.M. Aboagye R.G. Abolhassani H. Abrams E.M. Abtew Y.D. Abu-Gharbieh E. Adane Adane D.E. Adane T.D. Addo I.Y. Adha R. Adibi A. Sakilah Adnani Q.E. Agrawal A. Ahmad S. Ahmadi A. Ahmed A. Ahmed A. Al-Azzam S. Naji Alhalaiqa F.A. Alif S.M. Alipour V. Altaany Z. Altirkawi K.A. Alvis-Guzman N. Aly H. Ansar A. Arulappan J. Asghari-Jafarabadi M. Ashraf T. Athari S.S. Atlaw D. Aujayeb A. Azadnajafabad S. Babaei M. Babamohamadi H. Badawi A. Baghcheghi N. Bagherieh S. Bajbouj K. Banach M. Bardhan M. Barone-Adesi F. Barrow A. Bashiri A. Bayileyegn N.S. Bensenor I.M. Berhie A.Y. Beyene K.A. Bhagavathula A.S. Bhardwaj P. Bhat A.N. Bhojaraja V.S. Bijani A. Bikov A. Cai J. Camargos P. Car J. Carr S. Carugno A. Chakraborty P.A. Chan J.S.K. Charalampous P. Chashmyazdan M. Chattu V.K. Kabir Chowdhury M.A. Chu D.-T. Corso B. Cruz-Martins N. Dadras O. Dai X. Damiani G. Dandona L. Dandona R. Demeke D. Demisse B. Diaz D. Diress M. Dongarwar D. Ekholuenetale M. Ekundayo T.C. Elhadi M. Abdou Elmeligy O.A. Esubalew H. Etaee F. Etemadimanesh A. Fagbamigbe A.F. Fakhradiyev I.R. Fatehizadeh A. Fatima Fatima S.A. Feng X. Fereidouni M. Ferreira N. Fetensa G. Fischer F. Foroutan M. Fukumoto T. Gaipov A. Gela Y.Y. Obsa A.G. Ghadirian F. Ghamari S.-H. Ghozy S. Gillum R.F. Gizaw A.T. Gizaw A.B.A.B. Goldust M. Golechha M. Goleij P. Gupta S. Gupta V.K. Haj-Mirzaian A. Halwani R. Hamidi S. Hannan M.A. Hasaballah A.I. Hasani H. Hashi A. Hassen M.B. Heibati B. Heidari G. Heidari M. Heidari-Foroozan M. Holla R. Horita N. Hossain M.S. Hussain S. Hwang B.-F. Ilic I.M. Ilic M.D. Irilouzadian R. Ismail N.E. Ispayeva Z.B.I.Z.B. Iwu C.C.D. J L.M. Jajarmi M. Jamshidi E. Janodia M.D. Jayaram S. Jebai R. Jonas J.B. Joseph N. Kaambwa B. Kabir Z. Kaliyadan F. Kandel H. Kantar R.S. Karaye I.M. Karimi H. Kaur H. Keikavoosi-Arani L. Keykhaei M. Khader Y.S. Khajuria H. Khan I.A. Khan M. Khan M.A.B. Khanal S. Khatatbeh M.M. Khubchandani J. Kibret B.G. Kisa A. Kisa S. Kolkhir P. Kompani F. Koohestani H.R. Korzh O. Koul P.A. Koyanagi A. Krishan K. Kuehni C.E. Kumar G.A. Kurmi O.P. Kutikuppala L.V.S. Kuttikkattu A. Lám J. Larijani B. Latief K. Lauriola P. Thu Le T.T. Lee Y.H. Lenzi J. Li M.-C. Li S. Ligade V.S. Lim S.S. Liu G. Liu W. Liu X. Lo C.-H. Lopes G. Mahalingam S. Maharaj S.B. Mahmoud M.A. Majeed A. Malekpour M.-R. Malik A.A. Mallhi T.H. Malta D.C. Mamun A.A. Masoumi S.Z. Maugeri A. Medina J.R.C. Menezes R.G. Mensah G.A. Mentis A.-F.A. Mestrovic T. Michalek I.M. Nhat Minh L.H. Mirrakhimov E.M. Misganaw A. Mishra M. Mohammed S. Mokdad A.H. Momtazmanesh S. Monasta L. Moniruzzaman M. Mulugeta T. Munblit D. Murillo-Zamora E. Mustafa G. Nair T.S. Nangia V. Swamy S.N. Nassereldine H. Natto Z.S. Nayak B.P. Nazari J. Ng T.P. Nguyen D.H. Nguyen V.T. Niazi R.K. Nouraei H. Nzoputam O.J. Oancea B. Obaidur R.M. Okati-Aliabad H. Okonji O.C. Okwute P.G. Olagunju A.T. Olufadewa I.I. Orru H. Mahesh P.A. Padubidri J.R. Pandey A. Pardhan S. Park E.-K. Patel J. Patil S. Patthipati V.S. Paudel U. Pereira M. Pereira R.B. Petcu I.-R. Podder I. Podder V. Mohammad A.P. Qattea I. Rabiee N. Rahimi M. Rahman M. Rahman M.A. Rahmani A.M. Rahmani S. Rahmanian V. Rajput P. Ram P. Ramasubramani P. Rao I.R. Rashid A.M. Ratan Z.A. Ravikumar N. Rawaf S. Rawal L. Mohamed Redwan E.M. Regmi A.R. Rezaei N. Rezaei N. Rezaei N. Rezaei S. Rezaeian M. Buendia Rodriguez J.A. Roever L. Romero-Rodríguez E. Ronfani L. Saad A.M.A. Saddik B. Saeed U. Sagoe D. Sharif-Askari F.S. Sahebkar A. Sahoo H. Sajid M.R. Sakshaug J.W. Salahi S. Salehi S. Samy A.M. Santric-Milicevic M.M. Sarasmita M.A. Sarkhosh M. Saya G.K. Senthilkumaran S. Shah H. Shaikh M.A. Shanawaz M. Sheikh A. Shekhar S. Shigematsu M. Shobeiri P. Shorofi S.A. Sibhat M.M. Simpson C.R. Singh J.A. Singh P. Singh S. Singh V. Siraj M.S. Skryabina A.A. Solomon Y. Song S. Soshnikov S. Soyiri I.N. Steiropoulos P. Szeto M.D. Talaat I.M. Lukenze Tamuzi J.J.L. Tan K.-K. Tat N.Y. Temsah M.-H. Terefa D.R. Tesler R. Thangaraju P. Vera Ticoalu J.H. Tillawi T. Ngoc Tran M.T. Tusa B.S. Ullah I. Ullah S. Ullah S. Upadhyay E. Vahabi S.M. Boven J.F.M. Vasankari T.J. Verras G.-I. Vieira R.J. Violante F.S. Vos T. Westerman R. Wickramasinghe N.D. Williams H.C. Yada D.Y. Yismaw Y. Yonemoto N. Yu C. Yunusa I. Zahir M. Zar H.J. Zare I. Zastrozhin M.S. Zeineddine M.A. Zenebe G.A. Zhang Z.-J. Zhao H. Zoladl M.
August 2023 John Wiley and Sons Inc

Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
2023 #78 Issue 8 2232 - 2254 pp.

Background: Asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) are chronic allergic conditions, along with allergic rhinitis and food allergy and cause high morbidity and mortality both in children and adults. This study aims to evaluate the global, regional, national, and temporal trends of the burden of asthma and AD from 1990 to 2019 and analyze their associations with geographic, demographic, social, and clinical factors. Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, we assessed the age-standardized prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of both asthma and AD from 1990 to 2019, stratified by geographic region, age, sex, and socio-demographic index (SDI). DALYs were calculated as the sum of years lived with disability and years of life lost to premature mortality. Additionally, the disease burden of asthma attributable to high body mass index, occupational asthmagens, and smoking was described. Results: In 2019, there were a total of 262 million [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 224–309 million] cases of asthma and 171 million [95% UI: 165–178 million] total cases of AD globally; age-standardized prevalence rates were 3416 [95% UI: 2899–4066] and 2277 [95% UI: 2192–2369] per 100,000 population for asthma and AD, respectively, a 24.1% [95% UI: −27.2 to −20.8] decrease for asthma and a 4.3% [95% UI: 3.8–4.8] decrease for AD compared to baseline in 1990. Both asthma and AD had similar trends according to age, with age-specific prevalence rates peaking at age 5–9 years and rising again in adulthood. The prevalence and incidence of asthma and AD were both higher for individuals with higher SDI; however, mortality and DALYs rates of individuals with asthma had a reverse trend, with higher mortality and DALYs rates in those in the lower SDI quintiles. Of the three risk factors, high body mass index contributed to the highest DALYs and deaths due to asthma, accounting for a total of 3.65 million [95% UI: 2.14–5.60 million] asthma DALYs and 75,377 [95% UI: 40,615–122,841] asthma deaths. Conclusions: Asthma and AD continue to cause significant morbidity worldwide, having increased in total prevalence and incidence cases worldwide, but having decreased in age-standardized prevalence rates from 1990 to 2019. Although both are more frequent at younger ages and more prevalent in high-SDI countries, each condition has distinct temporal and regional characteristics. Understanding the temporospatial trends in the disease burden of asthma and AD could guide future policies and interventions to better manage these diseases worldwide and achieve equity in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

asthma , atopic dermatitis , disability-adjusted life years , eczema , epidemiology , global burden , mortality

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Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea, Yeouido St. Marys Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
Center for Digital Health, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Seoul, South Korea
Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Center for Digital Health Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
Department of Genomics and Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Seoul, South Korea
Public Health Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Wando, South Korea
Clinical Governance and Quality Improvement, Aleta Wondo Hospital, Aleta Wondo, Ethiopia
Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Surgery, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
Community and Maternity Nursing Unit, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
Department of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Department of Biomedical Science, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Depatment of Anesthesia and critical care, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
Department of Clinical and Psychosocial Epidemiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Quality and Systems Performance Unit, Cancer Institute NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Department of Business Administration, Muhammadiyah University of Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran (Padjadjaran University), Bandung, Indonesia
Trivedi School of Biosciences, Ashoka University, Sonipat, India
Section of General Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Kuala Langat, Malaysia
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
Department of Pharmacy, Quaid I Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
Faculty of Nursing, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
Psychological Sciences Association, Amman, Jordan
School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Health Economics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Departent of Basic sciences, Yarmouk Univeristy, Irbid, Jordan
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies, Universidad de la Costa (University of the Coast), Barranquilla, Colombia
Research Group in Health Economics, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
Pediatrics Department, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Special Interest Group International Health, Public Health Association of Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia
Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
Cabrini Research, Cabrini Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
University Institute of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
Department of Biomedical Science, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Ethiopia
Northumbria HealthCare NHS Foundation Trust, National Health Service (NHS) Scotland, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
Neurosicence Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
Department of Nursing, Semnan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Semnan, Iran
Public Health Risk Sciences Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Department of Nursing, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Basic Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
Polish Mothers Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
Molecular Microbiology and Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
Molecular Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
Department of Public & Environmental Health, University of The Gambia, Brikama, Gambia
Epidemiology and Disease Control Unit, Ministry of Health, Kotu, Gambia
Health Information Management, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Department of Surgery, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
School of Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis, St louis, MO, United States
Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
Department of General Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
Institute for Health and Environment, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Centre for Population Health Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
Dermatology Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII (Territorial Healthcare Company Pope John XXIII), Bergamo, Italy
School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Heart Failure and Structural Heart Disease Unit, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Hong Kong
Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
Medical Library and Information Science, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi, India
Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
Department of Public Health, Asian University for Women, Chittagong, Bangladesh
James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, VNU-International School, Hanoi, Viet Nam
Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
Therapeutic and Diagnostic Technologies, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (Polytechnic and University Higher Education Cooperative), Gandra, Portugal
Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Section Global Health and Rehabilitation, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi (Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute IRCCS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
Department of Physiology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Department of Nursing, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
Center of Complexity Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico, Mexico
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales, Mexico
Department of Human Physiology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
Health Science Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, United States
Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Medical Sciences Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria
Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
Pediatric Dentistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
Department of Pathology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
Head of the Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Department of community medicine and global health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Department of Bacteriology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
Department of Molecular Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
Department of Nursing, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
Institute of Public Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Charité Medical University Berlin), Berlin, Germany
Department of Medical Parasitology, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
Faculty of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
Department of Dermatology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Human Physiology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
School of Psychology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Psychiatric Nursing and Management Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
Division of General Internal Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
Department of Community and Family Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
Department of Nursing, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
Health Systems and Policy Research, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India
Department of Genetics, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran
Toxicology Department, Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, Delhi, Delhi, India
Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Obesity Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, South Korea
Department of Zoology and Entomology, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
Department of Ophthalmology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
Department of Public Health, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
National Data Management Center for Health (NDMC), Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
Independent Consultant, Santa Clara, CA, United States
Community-Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
Department of Epidemiology, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center (NCDRC), Tehran, Iran
School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Manipal, India
Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Department of Epidemiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
Burn Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Malaysia
Department of Allergology, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, Dr. D. Y. Patil University, Pune, India
Department of Pathobiology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Mysuru, India
Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
Health Economics Unit, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
Dermatology Department, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Sydney Eye Hospital, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
The Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Naba Al-Hayat Foundation for Medical Sciences and Health Care, New York, NY, United States
Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, Global Smile Foundation, Norwood, MA, United States
School of Health Professions and Human Services, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Healthcare Services Management, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
Students Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India
Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
Epidemiology Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
Family Medicine Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
Primary Care Department, NHS North West London, London, United Kingdom
Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
Basic Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
Department of Public Health, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
Department of Medical Physiology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
Department of International Health and Sustainable Development, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
Institute for Allergology, Charité Medical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Division of Immune-mediated Skin Diseases, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Childrens Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
Department of General Practice, Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Department of Internal and Pulmonary Medicine, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
University Childrens Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
General Surgery, Dr NTR University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada, India
Department of Nephrology, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, India
Health Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
NEVES Society for Patient Safety, NEVES Society for Patient Safety, Budapest, Hungary
Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Centre for Family Welfare, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
Global Health and Health Security, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
International Society Doctors for the Environment, Arezzo, Italy
University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Pharmacy Management, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
Department of Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, NV, United States
Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
Department of Pediatrics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
School of Pharmacy, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
Planetary Health Alliance, Boston, MA, United States
Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarrah, Saudi Arabia
Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
University Institute of Public Health, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia
Department of Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Department GF Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
Department of Global Health, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
Forensic Medicine Division, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
International Dx Department, BGI Genomics, Copenhagen, Denmark
University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia
Polish National Cancer Registry, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
Department of Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Internal Medicine Programme, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Department of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
National Data Management Center for Health, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, United States
Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Department of Health Care Management, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy
Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Villa de Alvarez, Mexico
Postgraduate in Medical Sciences, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico
Department of Pediatrics, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Pulmonology, Institute of Mother & Child Care, Multan, Pakistan
Health Workforce Department, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland
Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India
Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Government Medical College, Mysore, India
Department of Dental Public Health, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Department of Health Policy and Oral Epidemiology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
Department of Pediatrics, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
Department of General Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Department of Physiology, University of Benin, Edo, Nigeria
Department of Physiology, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Nigeria
Department of Applied Economics and Quantitative Analysis, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, Tokyo, Japan
Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
Department of Medical Physiology, Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo, Nigeria
Department of Medical Physiology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Slum and Rural Health Initiative Research Academy, Slum and Rural Health Initiative, Ibadan, Nigeria
Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Health Education and Research, Mysore, India
Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea
Global Health Governance Programme, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, United States
Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
Department of Internal Medicine, Advent Health, Palm Coast, FL, United States
Hospital Medicine, Sound Physicians, Palm Coast, FL, United States
Research Section, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
Department of Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kolkata, India
Medical College, Tairunnessa Memorial Medical College and Hospital, Gazipur, Bangladesh
School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
School of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Neonatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
School of Nursing and Healthcare Professions, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, Australia
Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan
Department of Public Health, Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat Jam, Iran
Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
Department of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India
Department of Nephrology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
Department of Biomedical Engin

Department of Pediatrics
Medical Science Research Institute
Department of Epidemiology
Department of Pediatrics
Center for Digital Health
Department of Precision Medicine
Department of Digital Health
Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative
Department of Pediatrics
Department of Pediatrics
Center for Digital Health Medical Science Research Institute
Department of Epidemiology
Department of Genomics and Digital Health
Public Health Center
Clinical Governance and Quality Improvement
Non-communicable Diseases Research Center
Social Determinants of Health Research Center
Department of Surgery
Community and Maternity Nursing Unit
Department of Family and Community Health
Research Center for Immunodeficiencies
Department of Biosciences and Nutrition
Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Department of Pediatrics
Department of Biomedical Science
Clinical Sciences Department
Depatment of Anesthesia and critical care
Department of Clinical and Psychosocial Epidemiology
Centre for Social Research in Health
Quality and Systems Performance Unit
Department of Business Administration
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Faculty of Medicine
Trivedi School of Biosciences
Section of General Internal Medicine
Faculty of Pharmacy
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
Department of Epidemiology
School of Pharmacy
Department of Pharmacy
Institute of Endemic Diseases
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute
Department of Clinical Pharmacy
Faculty of Nursing
Psychological Sciences Association
School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine
Health Management and Economics Research Center
Department of Health Economics
Departent of Basic sciences
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies
Research Group in Health Economics
Pediatrics Department
School of Nursing and Midwifery
Special Interest Group International Health
Department of Maternal and Child Health
Cabrini Research
School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine
University Institute of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology
Department of Immunology
Department of Biomedical Science
Northumbria HealthCare NHS Foundation Trust
Neurosicence Institute
School of Medicine
Department of Nursing
Public Health Risk Sciences Division
Department of Nutritional Sciences
Department of Nursing
School of Medicine
Basic Medical Sciences
Department of Hypertension
Polish Mothers Memorial Hospital Research Institute
Molecular Microbiology and Bacteriology
Molecular Microbiology
Department of Translational Medicine
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Epidemiology and Disease Control Unit
Health Information Management
Department of Surgery
Department of Internal Medicine
School of Health Science
School of Pharmacy
Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences
Department of Health
Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine
School of Public Health
Department of General Medicine
Department of Anatomy
Social Determinants of Health Research Center
Division of Infection
Department of Pulmonology
Institute for Health and Environment
Department of Pediatrics
Centre for Population Health Sciences
Department of Primary Care and Public Health
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Dermatology Unit
School of Population and Public Health
Heart Failure and Structural Heart Disease Unit
Department of Public Health
Medical Library and Information Science
Department of Community Medicine
Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals
Department of Public Health
James P Grant School of Public Health
Center for Biomedicine and Community Health
Institute of Neuroscience
Therapeutic and Diagnostic Technologies
Institute for Research and Innovation in Health
Section Global Health and Rehabilitation
Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care
Department of Health Metrics Sciences
IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi (Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute IRCCS)
Department of Dermatology
Public Health Foundation of India
Indian Council of Medical Research
Department of Physiology
Department of Nursing
Center of Complexity Sciences
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics
Department of Human Physiology
Health Science Center
Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics
Faculty of Public Health
Department of Biological Sciences
Faculty of Medicine
Pediatric Dentistry Department
Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department
Department of Public Health
Internal Medicine
Department of Pathology
Institute of Applied Health Sciences
Head of the Laboratory of Experimental Medicine
Department of Environmental Health Engineering
Department of community medicine and global health
Department of Bacteriology
School of Population Health
National Institute of Environmental Health
Department of Molecular Medicine
Cellular and Molecular Research Center
Department of Social Sciences
Department of Nursing
Institute of Public Health
Department of Medical Parasitology
Faculty of Medicine
Department of Dermatology
Department of Medicine
Human Physiology
School of Psychology
Psychiatric Nursing and Management Department
Department of Radiology
Division of General Internal Medicine
Department of Community and Family Medicine
Department of Health
Department of Nursing
Department of Dermatology
Health Systems and Policy Research
Department of Genetics
Toxicology Department
Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences
Department of Pharmacology
Obesity Research Center
College of Medicine
School of Health and Environmental Studies
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Department of Anatomy
Department of Zoology and Entomology
Department of Ophthalmology
Department of Public Health
National Data Management Center for Health (NDMC)
Department of Research
Independent Consultant
Community-Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center
Department of Epidemiology
School of Medicine
Kasturba Medical College
Department of Pulmonology
National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)
Department of Public Health and Informatics
Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation
Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
Faculty of Medicine
Department of Epidemiology
Burn Research Center
Department of Clinical Pharmacy
Department of Allergology
School of Health Systems and Public Health
Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics
Department of Pathobiology
Functional Neurosurgery Research Center
Division of Pulmonary Medicine
Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Department of Biochemistry
Department of Epidemiology
Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel
Department of Ophthalmology
Department of Community Medicine
Health Economics Unit
College of Medicine and Public Health
School of Public Health
Dermatology Department
Save Sight Institute
Sydney Eye Hospital
The Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery
School of Health Professions and Human Services
Medical School
Department of Healthcare Services Management
Students Scientific Research Center (SSRC)
Department of Public Health
Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences
Department of Pediatrics
Epidemiology Department
Family Medicine Department
Primary Care Department
Warwick Medical School
Basic Medical Sciences
Department of Public Health
Department of Medical Physiology
School of Health Sciences
Department of International Health and Sustainable Development
Department of Nursing and Health Promotion
Institute for Allergology
Division of Immune-mediated Skin Diseases
Childrens Medical Center
Social Determinants of Health Research Center
Department of General Practice
Department of Internal and Pulmonary Medicine
Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM)
Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA)
Department of Anthropology
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine
University Childrens Hospital
Faculty of Health and Life Sciences
Department of Medicine
General Surgery
Department of Nephrology
Health Services Management Training Centre
NEVES Society for Patient Safety
Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute
Centre for Family Welfare
Global Health and Health Security
International Society Doctors for the Environment
University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City
Department of Preventive Medicine
Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences
Department of Health Promotion and Health Education
Department of Pharmacy Management
School of Life Sciences
Centre for Inflammation
Lerner Research Institute
Department of Quantitative Health Science
Department of Internal Medicine
Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research
Department of Pediatrics
School of Pharmacy
Planetary Health Alliance
Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy
Rabigh Faculty of Medicine
University Institute of Public Health
Department of Clinical Pharmacy
Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health
Institute for Social Science Research
Department of Midwifery
Department GF Ingrassia
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
Department of Global Health
Forensic Medicine Division
Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science
Department of Medicine
International Dx Department
University Centre Varazdin
Polish National Cancer Registry
Department of Pathology
College of Medicine
Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Internal Medicine Programme
Department of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease
National Data Management Center for Health
Department of Biomedical Sciences
Health Systems and Policy Research Unit
Department of Health Care Management
School of Medicine
Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit
Mater Research Institute
Department of Clinical Pharmacy
Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases
National Heart & Lung Institute
Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit
Postgraduate in Medical Sciences
Department of Pediatrics
Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Pulmonology
Health Workforce Department
Suraj Eye Institute
Mysore Medical College and Research Institute
Department of Dental Public Health
Department of Health Policy and Oral Epidemiology
Department of Pediatrics
Department of Psychological Medicine
Geriatric Education and Research Institute
Department of Biomedical Engineering
Department of General Medicine
International Islamic University Islamabad
Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology
Department of Physiology
Department of Physiology
Department of Applied Economics and Quantitative Analysis
National Institute of Infectious Diseases
Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research
Health Promotion Research Center
School of Pharmacy
Department of Medical Physiology
Department of Medical Physiology
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences
Department of Psychiatry
Slum and Rural Health Initiative Research Academy
Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health
Section of Sustainable Health
Department of Respiratory Medicine
Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Vision and Eye Research Institute
Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine
Global Health Governance Programme
School of Dentistry
College of Dental Medicine
Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD)
Department of Internal Medicine
Hospital Medicine
Research Section
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
Institute of Collective Health
Department of Chemistry
Department of Statistics and Econometrics
Department of Dermatology
Medical College
School of Public Health
School of medicine
Department of Neonatology
School of Engineering
Pohang University of Science and Technology
Cardiovascular Research Center
Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development
School of Nursing and Healthcare Professions
Future Technology Research Center
Department of Public Health
Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development
Department of Cardiology
Department of Community Medicine
Department of Nephrology
Department of Medicine
Department of Biomedical Engin

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