Radiation makes cells select the form of death dependent on external or internal exposure: apoptosis or pyroptosis

Shichijo K. Takatsuji T. Uzbekov D. Chaizhunusova N. Shabdarbaeva D. Kurisu M. Takahashi Y. Stepanenko V. Azhimkhanov A. Hoshi M.
December 2023 Nature Research

Scientific Reports
2023 #13 Issue 1

Internal radiation exposure from neutron-induced radioisotopes environmentally activated following atomic bombing or nuclear accidents should be considered for a complete picture of pathologic effects on survivors. Acute and localized high dose radiation exposure from hot particles taken into the body must induce cell death and severe damage to tissues, whether they are proliferating or not. However, very little the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this internal radiation pathology has been investigated. Male Wistar rats were internally exposed to ⁵⁶MnO₂ powder by inhalation. Small intestine samples were investigated by histological staining at acute phase (6 h, 3 days and 14 days) and late phase (2, 6 and 8 months) after the exposure. Histological location and chemical properties of the hot particles embedded in small intestinal tissues were analyzed by synchrotron radiation—X-ray fluorescence—X-ray absorption near-edge structure (SR–XRF–XANES). Hot particles located in the intestinal cavity were identified as accumulations of Mn and iron. Pathological changes showed evidence of crypt shortening, massive cell death at the position of stem cell zone, including apoptosis and pyroptosis from 6 h through 8 months in the internal exposed rats.

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Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Tochigi, Mibu, Shimotsugagun, 321-0293, Japan
Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Semey State Medical University, Abay Str., 103, Semey, 071400, Kazakhstan
Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
Research Institute for Marine Resources Utilization, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsusima-cho, Kanagawa, Yokosuka-shi, 237-0061, Japan
A.Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center—National Medical Research Center of Radiology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Obninsk, 249036, Russian Federation
National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Beibyt atom st., 2B, Kurchatov, 071100, Kazakhstan
The Center for Peace, Hiroshima University, Higashi-senda-machi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, 730-0053, Japan

Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology
Nagasaki University
School of Medicine
Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine
Department of Earth and Planetary Science
Research Institute for Marine Resources Utilization
A.Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center—National Medical Research Center of Radiology
National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan
The Center for Peace

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