A Scintillation Hodoscope for Measuring the Flux of Cosmic Ray Muons at the Tien Shan High Mountain Station
Shepetov A. Baktoraz A. Kalikulov O. Mamina S. Mukhamejanov Y. Mukashev K. Ryabov V. Saduyev N. Sadykov T. Shinbulatov S. Skokbayev T. Sopko I. Utey S. Vildanova L. Yerezhep N. Zhukov V.
September 2025Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Particles
2025#8Issue 3
For further investigation of the properties of the muon component in the core regions of extensive air showers (EASs), a new underground hodoscopic set-up with a total sensitive area of 22 m2 was built at the Tien Shan High Mountain Cosmic Ray Station. The hodoscope is based on a set of large-sized scintillation charged particle detectors with an output signal of analog type. The installation ensures a (5–8) GeV energy threshold of muon registration and a ∼104 dynamic range for the measurement of the density of muon flux. A program facility was designed that uses modern machine learning techniques for automated search for the typical scintillation pulse pattern in an oscillogram of a noisy analog signal at the output of the hodoscope detector. The program provides a ∼99% detection probability of useful signals, with a relative share of false positives below 1%, and has a sufficient operation speed for real-time analysis of incoming data. Complete verification of the hardware and software tools was performed under realistic operation conditions, and the results obtained demonstrate the correctness of the proposed method and its practical applicability to the investigation of the muon flux in EASs. In the course of the installation testing, a preliminary physical result was obtained concerning the rise of the multiplicity of muon particles around an EAS core in dependence on the primary EAS energy.
cosmic ray muons , EAS , extensive air showers , machine learning , muon hodoscope
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P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS (LPI), Leninsky Ave., 53, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1 Ibragimov St, Almaty, 050032, Kazakhstan
Faculty of Physics and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Ave, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 Joliot-Curie St, Dubna, 141980, Russian Federation
Institute of Communication and Space Engineering, G. Daukeyev Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications, 126/1 Baytursynuli St, Almaty, 050013, Kazakhstan
Institute of Physics and Technology, Satbayev University, 22a Satbayev St, Almaty, 050013, Kazakhstan
P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS (LPI)
Institute of Nuclear Physics
Faculty of Physics and Technology
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Institute of Communication and Space Engineering
Institute of Physics and Technology
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