Multi-STAR-RIS NOMA: Clustering, RIS Assignment and Power Optimization
Shaikh M.H.N. Rabie K.M. Elganimi T.Y. Li X. Hashmi M.S. Nauryzbayev G.
2025Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
2025#74Issue 46389 - 6405 pp.
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) represent a breakthrough technology capable of dynamically modifying wireless signals amplitude and/or phase via numerous reflecting units, thereby reconfiguring the radio propagation environment. This paper investigates the performance of multi-simultaneously transmitting and reflecting RIS (STAR-RIS)-enabled non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) networks under the collective impact of transceiver hardware impairments (HIs) and RIS phase error. Unlike existing studies that often focus on two-user scenarios with ideal hardware assumptions, we propose a network-centric approach that clusters users and associates multiple STAR-RIS units with these clusters, while accounting for practical hardware constraints. Specifically, we formulate an optimization problem aimed at maximizing the network sum rate by optimally clustering users, assigning STAR-RIS units, and optimizing power allocation among NOMA user pairs. The proposed solution decouples this problem into more tractable subproblems to facilitate real-time application. Subsequently, we derive closed-form expressions for the ergodic rates and their upper bounds to evaluate the system performance. The numerical results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed multi-STAR-RIS NOMA scheme compared to benchmark schemes, emphasizing its relevance for evaluating the performance of future wireless systems under practical conditions.
Hardware impairments , non-orthogonal multiple access , reconfigurable intelligent surface , resource allocation , simultaneously transmitting and reflecting RIS
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Nazarbayev University, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Department of Computer Engineering, Center for Communication Systems and Sensing, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
University of Tripoli, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, P.O.Box: 13932, Tripoli, Libya
Henan Polytechnic University, School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Jiaozuo, 454099, China
Nazarbayev University
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
University of Tripoli
Henan Polytechnic University
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