Cost-effective strategies and technologies for green hydrogen production
Serik A. Kuspanov Z. Daulbayev C.
January 2026Elsevier Ltd
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
2026#226
Owing to its environmental friendliness and strong potential to support low-carbon energy systems, green hydrogen is a key element in achieving global net-zero emissions by 2050. However, the high production costs associated with green hydrogen remain a major barrier to its large-scale deployment. Despite these challenges, green hydrogen remains an important solution for addressing energy and climate challenges, particularly within industrial decarbonisation and the energy transition. Technological advancements and growing policy support are steadily enhancing its long-term viability. This review examines the primary hydrogen production methods, categorised by their colour-based nomenclature: grey, blue and green hydrogen. Special focus is given to analysing key technologies, including water electrolysis—encompassing alkaline electrolysers, polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysers and solid oxide electrolysis cells—biomass gasification and the integration of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power. The environmental impacts of the various hydrogen production technologies are also assessed, with emphasis on their roles in the transition to a sustainable energy system. Additionally, national strategies, roadmaps and large-scale projects aimed at accelerating clean energy deployment are examined. Furthermore, this review explores the prospects of solar hydrogen production via photocatalysis. Specifically, the potential role of solar hydrogen as an alternative to green hydrogen is discussed, along with the challenges in classifying solar hydrogen as ‘green,’ considering its reliance on renewable energy sources and its extremely low carbon footprint.
Blue hydrogen , Green hydrogen , Grey hydrogen , Hydrogen production
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Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Electrochemical conversion and energy storage laboratory, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Bes Saiman Group, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Satbayev University
Electrochemical conversion and energy storage laboratory
Bes Saiman Group
10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель
Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026