Harnessing Mammalian- and Plant-Derived Exosomes for Drug Delivery: A Comparative Review
Sergazy S. Adekenov S. Khabarov I. Adekenova K. Maikenova A. Aljofan M.
May 2025Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
2025#26Issue 10
Exosomes, nanoscale vesicles involved in intercellular communication, have garnered significant attention for their potential in drug delivery and therapeutic applications. This review provides a comparative analysis of mammalian-derived exosomes, particularly milk-derived exosomes, and plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs). It explores their biogenesis, bioactivities, and functional similarities, including their roles in cellular communication, immune modulation, and disease therapy. While milk-derived exosomes exhibit promising biocompatibility and stability for targeted delivery, PDENs offer distinct advantages, such as scalability and inherent bioactivities, derived from their plant sources. Despite similarities in their structure and cargo, PDENs differ in lipid composition and protein profiles, reflecting plant-specific functions. Emerging research highlights the therapeutic potential of PDENs in managing inflammation, oxidative stress, and other diseases, emphasizing their utility as functional food components and nanocarriers. However, challenges related to their chemical stability and large-scale production require further investigation. This review underscores the need for advanced studies to fully harness the potential of these natural nanocarriers in drug-delivery systems and therapeutic interventions.
drug delivery , exosomes , mammalian-derived extracellular vesicles , plant-based exosomes
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Research and Production Center Phytochemistry, Gazaliyev Street, Karaganda, 100009, Kazakhstan
National Laboratory Astana, Center for Life Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Research and Production Center Phytochemistry
National Laboratory Astana
Department of Biomedical Sciences
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