Point-Prevalence Survey of Antimicrobial Use and Healthcare-Associated Infections in Four Acute Care Hospitals in Kazakhstan

Semenova Y. Yessmagambetova A. Akhmetova Z. Smagul M. Zharylkassynova A. Aubakirova B. Soiak K. Kosherova Z. Aimurziyeva A. Makalkina L. Ikhambayeva A. Lim L.
October 2024 Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)

Antibiotics
2024 #13 Issue 10

Background/Objectives: Few studies have examined the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial use (AMU) in acute care hospitals in Kazakhstan. This study aimed to address this gap by conducting a point-prevalence survey (PPS) of HAIs and AMU, as well as evaluating hospital antibiotic consumption via internationally recognized methodologies. Methods: PPS was conducted in four acute care hospitals in Kazakhstan on 11 May 2022, following the methodology of the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control, and included 701 patients. Antibiotic consumption in the same hospitals was assessed via the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System methodology. Results: HAIs were observed in 3.8% of patients (27/701), with intensive care unit wards accounting for 48.1% of these cases (13/27). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequently identified pathogen (5 out of 14 documented cases, 35.7%). Resistance to carbapenems was the most common resistance, followed by resistance to glycopeptides and third-generation cephalosporins. The rate of AMU was 38.2%, with an average of 1.37 antibiotics administered per patient. Surgical prophylaxis lasting more than one day was the most common indication for antimicrobial prescription (44.8%). Ceftriaxone and cefazolin are the most commonly used antibiotics. Conclusions: The results of this study are important for understanding the current situation in Kazakhstan and for informing national antimicrobial stewardship and infection control strategies.

acute-care hospital , antimicrobial use , healthcare-associated infections , Kazakhstan , point-prevalence survey

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Department of Surgery, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, 020000, Kazakhstan
National Center of Public Healthcare, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
WHO Country Office in Kazakhstan, Astana, 020000, Kazakhstan
Nazarbayev University School of Sciences and Humanities, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Astana Medical University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Nazarbayev University, Graduate School of Public Policy, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan

Department of Surgery
National Center of Public Healthcare
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan
WHO Country Office in Kazakhstan
Nazarbayev University School of Sciences and Humanities
Department of Clinical Pharmacology
Nazarbayev University

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