The DRAGON-II simulations – I. Evolution of single and binary compact objects in star clusters with up to 1 million stars
Sedda M.A. Kamlah A.W.H. Spurzem R. Giersz M. Berczik P. Rastello S. Iorio G. Mapelli M. Gatto M. Grebel E.K.
1 March 2024Oxford University Press
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
2024#528Issue 35119 - 5139 pp.
We present the first results of the DRAGON-II simulations, a suite of 19 N-body simulations of star clusters with up to 106 stars, with up to 33 per cent of them initially paired in binaries. In this work, we describe the main evolution of the clusters and their compact objects (COs). All DRAGON-II clusters form in their centre a black hole (BH) subsystem with a density 10−100 times larger than the stellar density, with the cluster core containing 50−80 per cent of the whole BH population. In all models, the BH average mass steeply decreases as a consequence of BH burning, reaching values mBH < 15 M within 10−30 relaxation times. Generally, our clusters retain only BHs lighter than 30 M over 30 relaxation times. Looser clusters retain a higher binary fraction, because in such environments binaries are less likely disrupted by dynamical encounters. We find that BH–main-sequence star binaries have properties similar to recently observed systems. Double CO binaries (DCOBs) ejected from the cluster exhibit larger mass ratios and heavier primary masses than ejected binaries hosting single CO binaries (SCOBs). Ejected SCOBs have BH masses mBH = 3−20 M, definitely lower than those in DCOBs (mBH = 10−100 M).
galaxies: star clusters: general , methods: numerical , stars: general
Text of the article Перейти на текст статьи
Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), L’Aquila, I-67100, Italy
Physics and Astronomy Department Galileo Galilei, University of Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3, Padova, I-35122, Italy
Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Mönchhofstr. 12-14, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
INFN – Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L’Aquila, I-67100, Italy
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico d’Abruzzo, Via M. Maggini snc, Teramo, I-64100, Italy
Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, Heidelberg, D-69117, Germany
National Astronomical Observatories, Key Laboratory of Computational Astrophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Yiheyuan Lu 5, Haidian Qu, Beijing, 100871, China
Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, Warsaw, PL-00-716, Poland
Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), MTA Centre of Excellence, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, Budapest, 1121, Hungary
Main Astronomical Observatory, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 27 Akademika Zabolotnoho St., Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine
Fesenkov Astrophysical Institute, Observatory 23, Almaty, 050020, Kazakhstan
INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, Padova, I-35131, Italy
Institute of Cosmos Sciences, the University of Barcelona (ICCUB), Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain
INAF-Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, Padova, I-35122, Italy
Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, ZAH, Universität Heidelberg, Albert-Ueberle-Str. 2, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, Naples, I-80131, Italy
Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI)
Physics and Astronomy Department Galileo Galilei
Astronomisches Rechen-Institut
INFN – Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico d’Abruzzo
Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie
National Astronomical Observatories
Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics
Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Centre
Konkoly Observatory
Main Astronomical Observatory
Fesenkov Astrophysical Institute
INFN-Padova
Institute of Cosmos Sciences
INAF-Padova
Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik
INAF
10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель
Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026