Vector-borne and zoonotic infections and their relationships with regional and socioeconomic statuses: An ID-IRI survey in 24 countries of Europe, Africa and Asia

Saydam F.N. Erdem H. Ankarali H. El-Arab Ramadan M.E. El-Sayed N.M. Civljak R. Pshenichnaya N. Moroti R.V. Mahmuodabad F.M. Maduka A.V. Mahboob A. Prakash Kumari P.H. Stebel R. Cernat R. Fasanekova L. Uysal S. Tasbakan M. Arapović J. Magdalena D.I. Angamuthu K. Ghanem-Zoubi N. Meric-Koc M. Ruch Y. Marino A. Sadykova A. Batirel A. Khan E.A. Kulzhanova S. Al-Moghazi S. Yegemberdiyeva R. Nicastri E. Pandak N. Akhtar N. Ozer-Balin S. Cascio A. Dimzova M. Evren H. Puca E. Tokayeva A. Vecchi M. Bozkurt I. Dogan M. Dirani N. Duisenova A. Khan M.A. Kotsev S. Obradovic Z. Del Vecchio R.F. Almajid F. Barac A. Dragovac G. Pishmisheva-Peleva M. Rahman M.T. Rahman T. Le Marechal M. Cag Y. Ikram A. Rodriguez-Morales A.J.
1 November 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease
2021 #44

Background: In this cross-sectional, international study, we aimed to analyze vector-borne and zoonotic infections (VBZI), which are significant global threats. Method: VBZIs’ data between May 20–28, 2018 was collected. The 24 Participatingcountries were classified as lower-middle, upper-middle, and high-income. Results: 382 patients were included. 175(45.8%) were hospitalized, most commonly in Croatia, Egypt, and Romania(P = 0.001). There was a significant difference between distributions of VBZIs according to geographical regions(P < 0.001). Amebiasis, Ancylostomiasis, Blastocystosis, Cryptosporidiosis, Giardiasis, Toxoplasmosis were significantly more common in the Middle-East while Bartonellosis, Borreliosis, Cat Scratch Disease, Hantavirus syndrome, Rickettsiosis, Campylobacteriosis, Salmonellosis in Central/East/South-East Europe; Brucellosis and Echinococcosis in Central/West Asia; Campylobacteriosis, Chikungunya, Tick-borne encephalitis, Visceral Leishmaniasis, Salmonellosis, Toxoplasmosis in the North-Mediterranean; CCHF, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Dengue, Malaria, Taeniasis, Salmonellosis in Indian Subcontinent; Lassa Fever in West Africa. There were significant regional differences for viral hemorrhagic fevers(P < 0.001) and tick-borne infections(P < 0.001), and according to economic status for VBZIs(P < 0.001). The prevalences of VBZIs were significantly higher in lower-middle income countries(P = 0.001). The most similar regions were the Indian Subcontinent and the Middle-East, the Indian Subcontinent and the North-Mediterranean, and the Middle-East and North-Mediterranean regions. Conclusions: Regional and socioeconomic heterogeneity still exists for VBZIs. Control and eradication of VBZIs require evidence-based surveillance data, and multidisciplinary efforts.

Economic status , Infection , Tick , Vector , Zoonosis

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Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Yuksek Ihtisas University, Faculty of Medicine, Batikent Medical Park Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
ID-IRI Lead Coordinator, Ankara, Turkey
Istanbul Medeniyet University, School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Istanbul, Turkey
Medical Parasitology, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
Medical Parasitology Department, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt
“Dr. Fran Mihaljevic” University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
National Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Matei Bals, and ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy’, Bucharest, Romania
Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Gajju Khan Medical College/Bacha Khan Medical Complex, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
GITAM Institute of Medical Sciences & Research. Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
Clinical Infectious Disease Hospital Constanta, Ovidius University of Constanta, Romania
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Firat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ege University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey
Department of Infectious Diseases, Mostar University Clinical Hospital, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Almana General Hospital, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Hospital of Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
Strasbourg University Hospital (Nouvel Hôpital Civil - Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Strasbourg), Strasbourg, France
Department of Infectious Diseases, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, Italy
Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
Shifa Tameer-E-Millat University, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
Department of Infectious Diseases, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani IRCCS, Italy
The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, G-8/3, Islamabad, Pakistan
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Firat University, Faculty of Medicine, Elazıg, Turkey
Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) - Infectious Disease Unit, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, University of Palermo, Italy
Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Conditions, Medical University, Skopje, North Macedonia
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Kyrenia, Kyrenia, Cyprus
University Hospital Center, Tirana, Albania
Department of Infectious Diseases, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
AOUI Verona, Italy
Department of Infectious Diseases, Ondokuz Mayis University, School of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdag, Turkey
Department of Infectious Diseases, Dar Al Amal University Hospital, Douris, Baalbak, Lebanon
National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
Pazardzhik Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment, Department of Infectious Diseases, Bulgaria
Faculty for Health Studies University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Department of Infectious Diseases, Umberto I Public Hospital, Siracusa, 96100, Italy
King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
Centre of Disease Prevention and Control, Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
Bismillah Diagnostic Centre, Naogaon, Bangladesh
Grenoble Alpes University, CHUGA, Infectious Diseases Department, Grenoble, 38043, France
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
Department of Infectious Diseases, Bahrain Oncology Center, King Hamad University Hospital, Busaiteen, 24343, Bahrain
Master of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru

Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology
ID-IRI Lead Coordinator
Istanbul Medeniyet University
Medical Parasitology
Medical Parasitology Department
“Dr. Fran Mihaljevic” University Hospital for Infectious Diseases
Central Research Institute of Epidemiology
National Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Matei Bals
Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences
Federal University Teaching Hospital
Gajju Khan Medical College/Bacha Khan Medical Complex
GITAM Institute of Medical Sciences & Research. Visakhapatnam
Department of Infectious Diseases
Clinical Infectious Disease Hospital Constanta
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology
Department of Infectious Diseases
Almana General Hospital
Rambam Health Care Campus
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology
Strasbourg University Hospital (Nouvel Hôpital Civil - Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Strasbourg)
Department of Infectious Diseases
Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology
Shifa Tameer-E-Millat University
Department of Infectious Diseases
National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani IRCCS
The Royal Hospital
Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology
Department of Health Promotion Sciences
Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Conditions
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology
University Hospital Center
Department of Infectious Diseases
AOUI Verona
Department of Infectious Diseases
Namik Kemal University
Department of Infectious Diseases
National Institute of Health
Pazardzhik Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment
Faculty for Health Studies University of Sarajevo
Department of Infectious Diseases
King Saud University
Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases
Centre of Disease Prevention and Control
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene
Bismillah Diagnostic Centre
Grenoble Alpes University
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology
Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina
Department of Infectious Diseases
Master of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics

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