Review and Comparative Analysis of Modern Knee Prostheses with Development of a Conceptual Design †

Sayat A. Nursultan Z. Yerkebulan N. Aidos S. Arman U. Gani S. Kassymbek O. Asset N.
2025 Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)

Engineering Proceedings
2025 #104 Issue 1

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the structural features and biomechanical functions of modern passive and semi-active knee prostheses, followed by comparative analysis. Based on findings from scientific literature and engineering practice, a new conceptual knee prosthesis was developed using a modular design approach. The proposed structure was modeled in SolidWorks, and its kinematic behavior and structural integrity were quantitatively evaluated through finite element analysis (FEA). The knee module was specifically designed to integrate with previously developed ankle and foot prosthetic components via an adapter interface. This modular approach allows the prosthesis to be configured according to the individual clinical needs of the patient. Simulation results confirmed that the proposed design meets the requirements for motion accuracy and structural reliability. In future work, the physical prototype will be manufactured using 3D printing with PLA plastic as an initial test material, followed by fabrication with high-strength engineering plastics or metal alloys. This study represents a critical early step toward the development of a fully functional, adaptive lower-limb prosthetic system.

biomechanical analysis , knee prosthesis , modular design , passive systems

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Department of Robotics and Technical Tools of Automation, Satbayev University, Almaty, 050013, Kazakhstan
Department of Electronic Engineering, Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications, Almaty, 050013, Kazakhstan
Department of Innovation, ALT University Named after Mukhamedzhan Tynyshpaev, Almaty, 050013, Kazakhstan
Global Education & Training, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, 61820, IL, United States

Department of Robotics and Technical Tools of Automation
Department of Electronic Engineering
Department of Innovation
Global Education & Training

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