Hemodynamic modeling of aerobic adaptation in football players through interval-functional training

Sautov R. Tyshchenko V. Tovstopyatko F. Dyadechko I. Utegenov Y. Shankulov Y. Tastanov A. Yeskaliyev M.
July, 2025 Editura Universitatii din Pitesti

Journal of Physical Education and Sport
2025 #25 Issue 7 1334 - 1342 pp.

Problem Statement. With increasing demands on the functional fitness of young football players during dynamic, intermittent competitive activities, developing biologically based training protocols that promote an energy-efficient and hemodynamically stable circulation system is particularly important. Traditional basic training methods show limited effectiveness in stimulating the central and peripheral mechanisms responsible for aerobic capacity, highlighting the need to shift towards integrative models of physiological adaptation. Approach. This study uses the concept of targeted hemodynamic modeling through a multi-component aerobic adaptation program (PHDA). The program includes interval-functional running, partial vascular occlusion (BFR) techniques and neurorespiratory and vegetative-regulatory practices. The experimental intervention (n=22) spanned two mesocycles (8 weeks) and was compared with a control group (n=22) following the standard Youth Sports School training protocol. The diagnostic tools included chest rheography, PWC170, calculation of oVO₂ max, heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) indices. Purpose. The scientific verification of the effectiveness of PHDA in increasing the parameters of central hemodynamics and aerobic performance of football players aged 13–15 years at the stage of preliminary sports specialization. Results. In the experimental group, statistically significant changes (p<0.05–0.001) were recorded: the increase of stroke volume (↑18.2%), left ventricular power output (↑40.3%), VO₂max (↑9.93%), cardiac index and PWC170 indicators in absolute and relative values. The improvement of autonomic regulation (↓resting heart rate, ↑HRV) and the reduction of total peripheral vascular resistance were observed, with simultaneous increase of systemic cardiac output. The control group demonstrated inertia of physiological parameters. Conclusions. The PHDA program induces a complex functional restructuring of the cardio-hemodynamic profile, forming a hyperkinetic, energy-efficient and vegetatively balanced type of blood circulation, adequate to the game metabolic loads. The presented data indicate the high potential of physiologically integrated protocols as a tool for accelerated development of aerobic endurance and adaptive reserve of young athletes.

aerobic productivity , central hemodynamics , football players , hyperkinetic type of blood circulation , physiological adaptation , stage of preliminary basic training

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Kazakh Academy of Sports and Tourism, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Zaporizhzhia National University, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine

Kazakh Academy of Sports and Tourism
Zaporizhzhia National University

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