Molybdenum-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Breast Cancer Biomarker Detection: Advances and Challenges
Sarsenbayeva A. Sadak S. Kucuk I. Kudreyeva L. Bakytzhanovna A.M. Uslu B.
2025Taylor and Francis Ltd.
Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry
2025
Breast cancer, which is considered the most common type of cancer among women worldwide, is estimated to reach 4.4 million cases in 2070. Early diagnosis has become very important to prevent this expected increase. Various traditional methods, such as mammography, biopsy, enzyme immunoassay (EI), liquid biopsy, immunohistochemistry (IGH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are used to diagnose breast cancer, but the fact that these methods are very expensive, have low sensitivity, and cause mutations in tissues due to X-rays has led researchers to discover faster, more cost-effective, and easily detectable methods. In particular, increased levels of new blood-based biomarkers in the circulation can be detected sensitively and selectively by electrochemical methods to facilitate early disease screening and rapid diagnosis. This comprehensive review focuses on the prevalence and pathology of breast cancer, clinical diagnosis of breast cancer, and electrochemical sensors of molybdenum-based compounds for the detection of various breast cancer biomarkers in recent years. Electrochemical analysis studies carried out in the field in recent years are compiled and are considered as aptamer-based, nucleotide-based, and immunosensors. The chemical properties of molybdenum compounds are discussed, and the modifications of these compounds to the electrode surface are discussed under 4 headings: drop casting, electrodeposition, atomic layer deposition, and electrophoretic deposition.
Biomarkers , bioreceptors , breast cancer , electrochemical sensor , molybdenum compounds
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Department of Analytical Chemistry, Colloidal Chemistry and Technology of Rare Elements, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
The Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
Department of Analytical Chemistry
Department of Analytical Chemistry
The Graduate School of Health Sciences
Department of Analytical Chemistry
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