Experimental Investigation of an Air-Staged Swirl Burner with Hemispherical Stabilizer for Low-NOx Combustion
Sapargaliyeva A.N. Dostiyarov A.M. Umyshev D.R. Baidalina A.K. Begimbetova A.S. Sarakeshova N.N. Ozhikenova Z.F.
February 2026Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Energies
2026#19Issue 4
This study investigates the emission characteristics and flame behavior of an air-staged swirl burner operating on LPG. The burner is equipped with a 45° vane swirler and an adjustable secondary-air section. Experiments were conducted at air velocities ranging from 20 to 43 m/s using a Testo 350 gas analyzer, while temperature measurements were obtained with thermocouples positioned 90 mm downstream of the burner exit. The results show that increasing the secondary-air opening leads to a monotonic decrease in the mean exit temperature and NOx formation over the entire velocity range. In contrast, CO concentrations increase at higher air velocities and larger secondary-air fractions due to reduced residence time and partial quenching of the reaction zone. The fully staged configuration (100%) achieved the lowest NOx levels (≤3 ppm) at 20 m/s, whereas the non-staged case resulted in the highest temperatures and NO emissions. Overall, the experimental results demonstrate that a moderate secondary-air opening provides the best compromise between low NOx emissions and acceptable CO levels for compact LPG-fired swirl combustors.
air-staged combustion , LPG , NOx emissions , swirl burner
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EPG Heat Power Engineering, Institute of Energy, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Zhenis Avenue 62, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Thermal Engineering, Institute of Energy and Green Technologies, Energo University After Gumarbek Daukeev, Baitursynuly Street 126/1, Almaty, 050013, Kazakhstan
Institute of Energy and Mechanical Engineering Named After A. Burkitbayev, Power Engineering Department, Satbayev University, Satbayev Str. 22, Almaty, 050013, Kazakhstan
Heat Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Transport and Energy, L.N. Gumilyov, Eurasian National University, Satbayev Str. 2, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Ecology and Management in Engineering, Institute of Energy and Green Technologies, Energo University After Gumarbek Daukeev, Baitursynuly Street 126/1, Almaty, 050013, Kazakhstan
Department of Energy and Automation, Engineering Faculty, S. Yessenov Caspian University of Technologies and Engineering, 24 Microdistrict, Aktau, 130000, Kazakhstan
EPG Heat Power Engineering
Department of Thermal Engineering
Institute of Energy and Mechanical Engineering Named After A. Burkitbayev
Heat Power Engineering Department
Department of Ecology and Management in Engineering
Department of Energy and Automation
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