Design of experiments and statistical approach on tensile properties of simple-pique fabrics for potential use in composite reinforcement

Santos T.F. Santos C.M. Rao H.J. Gapsari F. Rangappa S.M. Siengchin S. Nascimento J.H.O.
April 2025 Elsevier B.V.

Sustainable Materials and Technologies
2025 #43

This study investigates the tensile properties of knitted fabrics for potential application in composite reinforcement, focusing on the effects of yarn composition, loop length, and float stitch density. Four fabric compositions 100 %-polyester (PET), 100 %-cotton (CO), 67 %-PET/33 %-CO blend, and 100 %-polyamide (PA) were evaluated through a factorial design experiment using 3-D Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and ANOVA. Results indicate that fabric composition significantly influences mechanical behavior, with the PET/CO blend showing superior performance in terms of flexibility, stress distribution, and resistance to deformation compared to 100 % CO knitted-fabrics. 100 % PET demonstrated greater rigidity and strain resistance, while 100 % PA provided higher elasticity, making each composition uniquely suited to different structural applications. ANOVA analysis confirmed that composition is the most impactful factor on stress, strain, and MOE, with significant values of F = 3667.1 and p < 0.0001 for stress in the wales-direction for PET/CO knitted-fabrics, and F = 566.18 and p < 0.0001 for strain in the course-direction for 100 % PA, indicating excellent model fit. R² values above 0.90 across all models indicate high predictive accuracy. The PET/CO blend and 100 % PA knitted-fabrics emerge as promising options for composite applications requiring a balance of durability, flexibility, and stability, particularly in the automotive, sports equipment, and civil engineering sectors. This research supports advancements in textile engineering and sustainable composite materials by optimizing knitted-simple single-pique parameters to meet diverse mechanical demands.

ANOVA , Composite materials , RSM , Statistical analysis , Weft knitted

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Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Prof. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 59072-970, Brazil
GPIMN - Micro and Nanotechnologies Innovation Research Group, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
Department of Mathematics, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University, MT Haryono167 Malang, 65145, Indonesia
Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkuts University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand

Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering
GPIMN - Micro and Nanotechnologies Innovation Research Group
Department of Mathematics
Mechanical Engineering Department
Natural Composites Research Group Lab

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