Management of cardiac emergencies in women: a clinical consensus statement of the Association for Acute CardioVascular Care (ACVC), the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI), the Heart Failure Association (HFA), and the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC, and the ESC Working Group on Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy
Sambola A. Halvorsen S. Adlam D. Hassager C. Price S. Rosano G. Schiele F. Holmvang L. de Riva M. Rakisheva A. Sulzgruber P. Swahn E.
March 2024Oxford University Press
European Heart Journal Open
2024#4Issue 2
Cardiac emergencies in women, such as acute coronary syndromes, acute heart failure, and cardiac arrest, are associated with a high risk of adverse outcomes and mortality. Although women historically have been significantly underrepresented in clinical studies of these diseases, the guideline-recommended treatment for these emergencies is generally the same for both sexes. Still, women are less likely to receive evidence-based treatment compared to men. Furthermore, specific diseases affecting predominantly or exclusively women, such as spontaneous coronary dissection, myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, and peripartum cardiomyopathy, require specialized attention in terms of both diagnosis and management. In this clinical consensus statement, we summarize current knowledge on therapeutic management of these emergencies in women. Key statements and specific quality indicators are suggested to achieve equal and specific care for both sexes. Finally, we discuss several gaps in evidence and encourage further studies designed and powered with adequate attention for sex-specific analysis.
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Department of Cardiology, Research Institute, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma, CIBER Cardiovascular diseases (CIBER-CV), Barcelona, Spain
Department of Cardiology, Oslo University, Hospital Ulleval, P.O. Box 4956 Nydalen, Oslo, N-0424, Norway
Institue of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1171 Blindern, Oslo, N-0318, Norway
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom
Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Adult Intensive Care Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St George’s University Hospital, London, United Kingdom
San Raffaele Cassino Hospital, Cassino, Italy
Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Besancon, Besancon, France
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
Department of Cardiology, City Cardiology Center, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Department of Cardiology, Qonaev City Hospital, Almaty Region, Kazakhstan
Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Department of Cardiology, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
Department of Cardiology
Department of Cardiology
Institue of Clinical Medicine
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences
Department of Cardiology
Adult Intensive Care Unit
Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group
San Raffaele Cassino Hospital
Department of Cardiology
Department of Cardiology
Department of Cardiology
Department of Cardiology
Department of Internal Medicine II
Department of Cardiology
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