RIS-Aided Protected Zone Formation for Physical Layer Security of In-Band Full Duplex Systems

Salman H. Celik A. Arzykulov S. Eltawil A.M. Arslan H.
2026 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.

IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
2026 #25 5539 - 5554 pp.

The rapid evolution of mobile technologies presents a formidable security challenge, as traditional cryptographic methods struggle to keep pace. Integrating physical layer security (PLS) solutions with cutting-edge technologies, such as in-band full-duplex (IBFD) and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), holds promise for effectively addressing these challenges. This study introduces a novel RIS-driven protected zone (PZ) formation approach that employs artificial noise (AN) to safeguard legitimate users without requiring a priori knowledge of eavesdropper locations, channels, or numbers. The proposed methodology partitions the RIS into two distinct segments: while the former segment enhances the achievable data rate for the legitimate signal, the latter segment concurrently amplifies AN to jam illegitimate users within the PZ. We present formulations and solutions for maximizing secrecy capacity (SC) and minimizing power consumption through optimized transmit power allocation factors, RIS segmentation, and beams’ directions, all subject to stringent quality-of-service (QoS) constraints. Closed-form expressions are derived to facilitate efficient implementation and performance optimization. Simulation results validate closed-form solutions and demonstrate that the proposed scheme can significantly enhance SC compared to benchmarks where RIS and AN are used separately, with the proposed scheme achieving approximately 81% greater capacity than the “RIS-Only” approach and a substantial advantage over the “AN-Only” approach, which results in no secrecy. Additionally, this work includes an analysis of energy efficiency, emphasizing the critical importance of optimizing power consumption in practical applications. This dual focus on improving security while effectively managing energy resources underscores the scheme’s practical relevance and efficiency.

Artificial noise , energy efficiency , full-duplex , optimization , partitioning , physical layer security , power control , reconfigurable intelligent surface , secrecy capacity

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Istanbul Medipol University, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Istanbul, 34810, Turkey
University of Southampton, School of Electronics and Computer Science, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
Nazarbayev University, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia

Istanbul Medipol University
University of Southampton
Nazarbayev University
Computer

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