Ficus plants: State of the art from a phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological perspective
Salehi B. Prakash Mishra A. Nigam M. Karazhan N. Shukla I. Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz A. Sawicka B. Głowacka A. Abu-Darwish M.S. Hussein Tarawneh A. Gadetskaya A.V. Cabral C. Salgueiro L. Victoriano M. Martorell M. Docea A.O. Abdolshahi A. Calina D. Sharifi-Rad J.
March 2021John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Phytotherapy Research
2021#35Issue 31187 - 1217 pp.
Ficus genus is typically tropical plants and is among the earliest fruit trees cultivated by humans. Ficus carica L. is the common fig, Ficus benjamina L. is the weeping fig, and Ficus pumila L. is the creeping fig. These species are commonly used in traditional medicine for a wide range of diseases and contain rich secondary metabolites that have shown diverse applications. This comprehensive review describes for Ficus genus the phytochemical compounds, traditional uses and contemporary pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiulcer, and anticonvulsant. An extended survey of the current literature (Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed) has been carried out as part of the current work. The trends in the phytochemistry, pharmacological mechanisms and activities of Ficus genus are overviewed in this manuscript: antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity, antiseizure and anti-Parkinsons diseases, cytotoxic and antioxidant. Health-promoting effects, recent human clinical studies, safety and adverse effects of Ficus plants also are covered. The medical potential and long-term pharmacotherapeutic use of the genus Ficus along with no serious reported adverse events, suggests that it can be considered as being safe.
anti-inflammatory , antidiabetic , antimicrobial , cytotoxic , Ficus plants , neuroprotective , pharmacological mechanisms of actions , phytochemistry , toxicological safety , traditional uses
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Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Garhwal, India
Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Garhwal, India
Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty of the EE VSMU, Vitebsk, Belarus
Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodity Science, Lublin, Poland
Faculty of Pharmacy, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba, Jordan
Departments of Basic and Applied Sciences, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Tafila Technical University, Tafila, Jordan
School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine; CNC.IBILI Consortium & CIBB Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad de Concepción UDT, Concepcion, Chile
Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
Food Safety Research Center (salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center
Student Research Committee
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Department of Biochemistry
Department of Pharmacognosy
Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
Faculty of Pharmacy
Departments of Basic and Applied Sciences
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR)
Centre for Functional Ecology
Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra
Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics
Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico
Department of Toxicology
Food Safety Research Center (salt)
Department of Clinical Pharmacy
Phytochemistry Research Center
Facultad de Medicina
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