Reproductive Management of Female Dromedary and Bactrian Camels: Features of Hormonal Regulation and Ovarian Activity during the Mating Season
Sakhariyev Y. Koibagarov K. Kassymbekova S. Terletskiy V. Khussainov D. Turgumbekov A. Khizat S. Kalykova A. Ussenbekov Y.
November-December 2025Unique Scientific Publishers
International Journal of Veterinary Science
2025#14Issue 61152 - 1161 pp.
Reproductive physiology in camels has unique features compared to other domestic animals, particularly regarding hormonal regulation and ovarian activity during the mating season. Understanding the dynamics of sex hormones and their receptors is important for improving reproductive management and developing effective breeding programs. The objective of the study was to identify the features of hormonal regulation and ovarian activity during the mating period in order to improve the efficiency of reproductive management in female Dromedary and Bactrian camels. To achieve this, we examined the dynamics of progesterone and estradiol receptors, as well as the concentration of progesterone in the blood serum of non-pregnant female camels of Dromedary (n=10) and Bactrian (n=10) breeds during the mating season. The camels were divided into three groups according to their geographical region. Blood serum samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and ultrasound scanning of the ovaries was performed on three Dromedary camels for 30 consecutive days to monitor follicular development. The results showed an abrupt increase in the concentration of progesterone and estradiol receptors in 35–40% of the animals studied. In contrast, Bactrian camels demonstrated relatively stable serum progesterone levels throughout the experiment, ranging from 3.71 to 5.76ng/mL. No correlation was found between progesterone, estradiol, and their receptor levels, likely due to the random assignment of animals to experimental groups. Ultrasound monitoring revealed that the growth of multiple subdominant follicles accompanied the development of a dominant follicle in Dromedary camels. In conclusion, the findings indicate that camels do not exhibit a distinct estrous cycle. However, the development of dominant and subdominant follicles occurs during the mating season, and ovulation is induced by copulation.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay , Estradiol , Estrous cycle , Progesterone , Ultrasound scan
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Shakarim University, Semey, 071410, Kazakhstan
Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan
Pushkin Leningrad State University, St. Petersburg-Pushkin, 196605, Russian Federation
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Shakarim University
Kazakh National Agrarian Research University
Pushkin Leningrad State University
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
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