Constructing black holes from multi-polytropic equations of state
Sajadi S.N. Ponglertsakul S. Luongo O.
May 2025Elsevier B.V.
Physics of the Dark Universe
2025#48
Regular black holes are imagined as solutions to Einsteins field equations, with no singularities, albeit characterized by the presence of an internal structure. With the intention not to use non-linear electrodynamics, we here propose to obtain new classes of solutions that can also satisfy the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff (TOV) equations, plus adding a non-zero core. Thus, we present regular black holes as solutions to the TOV equations using multipolytropic equations of state and investigate whether these solutions behave, tuning the underlying free parameters. Our analysis demonstrates that, within specific parameter ranges, repulsive gravity effects may occur in precise regions. Accordingly, black hole remnants are also investigated, showing that, under certain circumstances, they may turn into dark energy sources in view of the corresponding repulsive gravity effects, located outside the horizons. Moreover, quite remarkably, critical sets of parameters imply that solutions may exhibit transitions to regular repulsive relativistic compact objects from black hole behaviors. Finally, we explore the interpretation of these regular black hole solutions in terms of topological thermodynamic defects.
Multi-polytropic equations of state , Regular black hole , TOV equation
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Strong Gravity Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino, 62032, Italy
SUNY Polytechnic Institute, 13502 Utica, NY, United States
INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Milano, Italy
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Perugia, Perugia, 06123, Italy
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi av. 71, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Strong Gravity Group
University of Camerino
SUNY Polytechnic Institute
INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
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