The globalizability of temporal discounting

Ruggeri K. Panin A. Vdovic M. Većkalov B. Abdul-Salaam N. Achterberg J. Akil C. Amatya J. Amatya K. Andersen T.L. Aquino S.D. Arunasalam A. Ashcroft-Jones S. Askelund A.D. Ayacaxli N. Sheshdeh A.B. Bailey A. Barea Arroyo P. Mejía G.B. Benvenuti M. Berge M.L. Bermaganbet A. Bibilouri K. Bjørndal L.D. Black S. Lyshol J.K.B. Brik T. Buabang E.K. Burghart M. Bursalıoğlu A. Buzayu N.M. Čadek M. de Carvalho N.M. Cazan A.-M. Çetinçelik M. Chai V.E. Chen P. Chen S. Clay G. D’Ambrogio S. Damnjanović K. Duffy G. Dugue T. Dwarkanath T. Envuladu E.A. Erceg N. Esteban-Serna C. Farahat E. Farrokhnia R.A. Fawad M. Fedryansyah M. Feng D. Filippi S. Fonollá M.A. Freichel R. Freira L. Friedemann M. Gao Z. Ge S. Geiger S.J. George L. Grabovski I. Gracheva A. Gracheva A. Hajian A. Hasan N. Hecht M. Hong X. Hubená B. Ikonomeas A.G.F. Ilić S. Izydorczyk D. Jakob L. Janssens M. Jarke H. Kácha O. Kalinova K.N. Kapingura F.M. Karakasheva R. Kasdan D.O. Kemel E. Khorrami P. Krawiec J.M. Lagidze N. Lazarević A. Lazić A. Lee H.S. Lep Ž. Lins S. Lofthus I.S. Macchia L. Mamede S. Mamo M.A. Maratkyzy L. Mareva S. Marwaha S. McGill L. McParland S. Melnic A.Ș. Meyer S.A. Mizak S. Mohammed A. Mukhyshbayeva A. Navajas J. Neshevska D. Niazi S.J. Nieves A.E.N. Nippold F. Oberschulte J. Otto T. Pae R. Panchelieva T. Park S.Y. Pascu D.S. Pavlović I. Petrović M.B. Popović D. Prinz G.M. Rachev N.R. Ranc P. Razum J. Rho C.E. Riitsalu L. Rocca F. Rosenbaum R.S. Rujimora J. Rusyidi B. Rutherford C. Said R. Sanguino I. Sarikaya A.K. Say N. Schuck J. Shiels M. Shir Y. Sievert E.D.C. Soboleva I. Solomonia T. Soni S. Soysal I. Stablum F. Sundström F.T.A. Tang X. Tavera F. Taylor J. Tebbe A.-L. Thommesen K.K. Tobias-Webb J. Todsen A.L. Toscano F. Tran T. Trinh J. Turati A. Ueda K. Vacondio M. Vakhitov V. Valencia A.J. Van Reyn C. Venema T.A.G. Verra S.E. Vintr J. Vranka M.A. Wagner L. Wu X. Xing K.Y. Xu K. Xu S. Yamada Y. Yosifova A. Zupan Z. García-Garzon E.
October 2022 Nature Research

Nature Human Behaviour
2022 #6 Issue 10 1386 - 1397 pp.

Economic inequality is associated with preferences for smaller, immediate gains over larger, delayed ones. Such temporal discounting may feed into rising global inequality, yet it is unclear whether it is a function of choice preferences or norms, or rather the absence of sufficient resources for immediate needs. It is also not clear whether these reflect true differences in choice patterns between income groups. We tested temporal discounting and five intertemporal choice anomalies using local currencies and value standards in 61 countries (N = 13,629). Across a diverse sample, we found consistent, robust rates of choice anomalies. Lower-income groups were not significantly different, but economic inequality and broader financial circumstances were clearly correlated with population choice patterns.

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Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
Centre for Business Research, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
UC Louvain, Louvain, Belgium
Faculty of Media and Communications, Belgrade, Serbia
University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
UN Major Group for Children and Youth (UNMGCY), Kathmandu, Nepal
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), Kathmandu, Nepal
PPR Svendborg, Svendborg, Denmark
Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Laboratory of Research in Social Psychology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
Nic Waals Institute, Oslo, Norway
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
St. Lawrence University, Canton, NY, United States
University College London, London, United Kingdom
Centro de Investigación y Docencias Económicas, Ciudad de México, Mexico
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Unaffiliated, Budapest, Hungary
Workforce Development Center, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Sciences Po, Paris, France
University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway
Kyiv School of Economics, Kyiv, Ukraine
KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
International Socioeconomics Laboratory, New York, NY, United States
Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
University of Padua, Padua, Italy
Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Buenos Aires, Argentina
University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
Unaffiliated, Prague, Czech Republic
University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
Green Dock, Hostivice, Czech Republic
Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
Unaffiliated, London, United Kingdom
Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
GREGHEC, CNRS, HEC Paris, Jouy en Josas, France
Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Harvard Kennedy School, Cambridge, MA, United States
Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
Fundación Paraguaya, Asunción, Paraguay
Colmena, Asunción, Paraguay
Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
IPHS—Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
Ivo Pilar Institute of Social Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia
Bezirkskrankenhaus Straubing, Straubing, Germany
Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria
University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada
University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
Prague University of Economics and Business, Prague, Czech Republic
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Helmut Schmidt University, Hamburg, Germany
Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
University of Trento, Trento, Italy
Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
Kaplan Business School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria
Universidad Camilo José Cela, Madrid, Spain

Columbia University
Centre for Business Research
UC Louvain
Faculty of Media and Communications
University of Amsterdam
University of Cambridge
MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit
American University of Beirut
UN Major Group for Children and Youth (UNMGCY)
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
PPR Svendborg
Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro
Laboratory of Research in Social Psychology
Queen’s University Belfast
University of Oxford
Nic Waals Institute
University of Oslo
St. Lawrence University
University College London
Centro de Investigación y Docencias Económicas
University of Bologna
Unaffiliated
Workforce Development Center
Sciences Po
University of St Andrews
Oslo New University College
Kyiv School of Economics
KU Leuven
University of Konstanz
Loyola University Chicago
Duke Kunshan University
Leeds Beckett University
Estácio de Sá University
Transilvania University of Brasov
Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics
National University of Singapore
The University of Hong Kong
Technische Universität Dresden
University of Belgrade
University of Jos
University of Zagreb
Ain Shams University
International Socioeconomics Laboratory
Universitas Padjadjaran
London School of Economics and Political Science
University of Padua
Universidad Torcuato Di Tella
University of Vienna
The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania
University of Tehran
Max Planck Institute for Human Development
Humboldt University of Berlin
Duke University
Unaffiliated
University of Mannheim
Charles University
National Institute of Mental Health
Tilburg University
Green Dock
Leiden University
University of Fort Hare
Unaffiliated
Sungkyunkwan University
GREGHEC
Harvard University
SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
Emory University
University of Ljubljana
University of Porto
Harvard Kennedy School
Nazarbayev University
University College Cork
University of Groningen
Fundación Paraguaya
Colmena
Gombe State University
University of Chicago
National Scientific and Technical Research Council
Ss. Cyril and Methodius University
McGill University
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
IPHS—Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Ivo Pilar Institute of Social Sciences
Bezirkskrankenhaus Straubing
Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski
University of Tartu
York University
Rotman Research Institute
University of Central Florida
Prague University of Economics and Business
Tel Aviv University
Helmut Schmidt University
Tbilisi State University
Erasmus University Rotterdam
University of Trento
Uppsala University
University of Cologne
Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences
Copenhagen University
Kaplan Business School
Kyushu University
University of Klagenfurt
Aarhus University
Utrecht University
University of Zurich
Cornell University
New Bulgarian University
Universidad Camilo José Cela

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