Time-Dependent Evolution of Nanostructure Formation on CdI2 Crystal Surfaces
Rovetskii I. Klym H. Karbovnyk I. Konuhova M. Kongi N. Popov A.I.
February 2026Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Crystals
2026#16Issue 2
The time evolution of nanoscale structure formation on the surface of CdI2 crystals grown both from the melt and from the gas phase is investigated. Atomic force microscopy was used to show that, already at the initial stages of exposure to air at room temperature, island-shaped nanostructures form, which subsequently aggregate into nanoclusters as the exposure time increases. Similar nanostructures, including nanopores and nanoclusters, are observed for CdI2 crystals grown from the gas phase after prolonged exposure to air. Photoluminescence spectroscopy indicates that the formed nanoclusters are consistent with the presence of cadmium hydroxide (Cd(OH)2) and cadmium oxide (CdO). The formation of nanostructures determines the time evolution of the low-temperature luminescence spectra of CdI2 crystals. Additional bands with maxima at 1.87 eV and long-wavelength luminescence in the region with a maximum at 1.68 eV appear in the spectral structure. These results highlight the close relationship between surface structural evolution and the time-dependent optical properties of CdI2.
atomic force microscopy , CdI2 crystals , luminescence spectra , nanoclusters , nanostructures , surface
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Department of Information Technologies and Electronic Communication Systems, Lviv State University of Life Safety, Kleparivska Str., 35, Lviv, 79007, Ukraine
Department of Specialized Computer Systems, Institute of Computer Technologies, Automation and Metrology, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera Str., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine
Department of Radiophysics and Computer Technologies, Faculty of Electronics and Computer Technologies, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 50, Dragomanova Str., Lviv, 79005, Ukraine
Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga 8, Riga, LV-1063, Latvia
Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
School of Integrated Circuits, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Innovation Institute, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, China
Department of Technical Physics, Institute of Physics and Technology, L.N. Gumilyov, Eurasian National University, Kazhymukan St. 13, Astana, 010008, Kazakhstan
Department of Information Technologies and Electronic Communication Systems
Department of Specialized Computer Systems
Department of Radiophysics and Computer Technologies
Institute for Solid State Physics
Institute of Chemistry
School of Integrated Circuits
Department of Technical Physics
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