Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals from Soil and their Effects on Plant Physiology - A Review
Rehman G. Muhammad J. Ilyas M. Subhanullah M. Ullah K. Massimzhan M. Toktar M. Bektay Y. Kalybekov M. Ydyrys A. Zhakypbek Y.
December 2024Engineered Science Publisher
ES Materials and Manufacturing
2024#26
Heavy metals (HMs) are an environmental problem that pollutes water, air, soil, etc. HMs and metalloids are environmental pollutants, particularly cadmium, lead, and arsenic. It is liberated from both the natural and anthropogenic processes. HM group accumulates in the ecosystem through anthropogenic activities, mostly by agriculture and industry processes. When they accumulate to toxic levels in soil, it adversely affects plant and crop productivity. Different plant species were assessed to remediate the soil from HMs. According to the review, the highest bioaccumulation concentration factor (BCF) for Torilis leptophylla (L.) Rchb. f. species was 51.52 for Lead (Pb), and the translocation factor (TF) was 17.18 for the Catharanthus roses (L.) G. Don species for chromium and bioaccumulation concentration (BAC) was Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don species was recorded at 83.66 for chromium. The highest levels of BCF and TF for Polygonum labrum species were 1.090 and 1.78 for arsenic. Arsenic is the most poisonous element generated by agrochemicals, burning fossil fuels, smelting metals, and pharmaceutical industries. The common effects of arsenic on plants are oxidative stress, decreasing the bioavailability of the essential elements, and morphological change. Cadmium is toxic because it can cause various diseases in plants, like chlorosis, necrosis, and shunted growth. Moreover, it affects the physiological process, reduces carbon fixation, osmotic pressure, and transpiration, and decreases chlorophyll. Pb is one of the critical HMs extensively found in nature in solid waste deposition, slag from mining, firing in shooting ranges, smelting, and automobiles. It is naturally produced from weathering, erosion of rock layers, and ore deposit phenomenon. It reduces the conduction power of the plant stomata, which ultimately affects the transpiration process and reduces the crop yield. Further studies should focus on cost-effective strategies to enhance the phytoremediation of contaminants and the unknown effects of HMs on plants.
Bioaccumulation concentration , Bioaccumulation Concentration , Desertification , Heavy metals , Reclamation , Translocation factor
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Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Dir Upper, 18050, Pakistan
Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Wari Campus, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Dir Upper, 18050, Pakistan
Institute of Urban Environment, Xiamen Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong, 361021, China
Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Pabbi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Nowshera, 18050, Pakistan
Biomedical Research Centre, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi ave. 71, 050040, Kazakhstan
Department of Mine Surveying and Geodesy, Institute Mining and Metallurgical Institute named after O.A. Baikonurov, Satbayev University, Almaty, 050013, Kazakhstan
Department of Soil Ecology, Kazakh Research Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry named after U.U. Uspanov, Al-Farabi Ave. 75, Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan
Department of Metallurgy and mineral Processing, Satbayev University, Almaty, 050000, Kazakhstan
Faculty of Forestry and Land Resources, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Abay ave. 8, 050040, Kazakhstan
Department of Environmental Sciences
Department of Environmental Sciences
Institute of Urban Environment
Department of Botany
Biomedical Research Centre
Department of Mine Surveying and Geodesy
Department of Soil Ecology
Department of Metallurgy and mineral Processing
Faculty of Forestry and Land Resources
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