Global prevalence, cascade of care, and prophylaxis coverage of hepatitis B in 2022: a modelling study

Razavi-Shearer D.M. Gamkrelidze I. Pan C.Q. Jia J. Berg T. Gray R.T. Lim Y.-S. Chen C.-J. Ocama P. Desalegn H. Abbas Z. Abdallah A.R. Aghemo A. Ahmadbekova S. Ahn S.H. Aho I. Akarca U.S. Al Masri N.M. Alalwan A.M. Alavian S.M. Al-Busafi S.A. Aleman S. Alfaleh F.Z. Alghamdi A.S. Al-Hamoudi W.K. Aljumah A.A. Al-Naamani K. Al-Rifai A. AlSerkal Y.M. Altraif I.H. Amarsanaa J. Anderson M. Andersson M.I. Armstrong P. Asselah T. Athanasakis K. Baatarkhuu O. Ben-Ari Z. Bensalem A. Bessone F. Biondi M.J. Bizri A.R.N. Blach S. Braga W.S.M. Brandão-Mello C.E. Brosgart C.L. Brown K.A. Brown R.S., Jr. Bruggmann P. Brunetto M.R. Buti M. Cabezas J. Casanovas T. Chae C. Chan H.L.Y. Cheinquer H. Chen P.-J. Cheng K.J.G. Cheon M.-E. Chien C.-H. Choudhuri G. Christensen P.B. Chuang W.-L. Chulanov V. Cisneros Garza L.E. Coffin C.S. Contreras F.A. Coppola N. Cornberg M. Cowie B. Cramp M.E. Craxi A. Crespo J. Cui F. Cunningham C.W. Dalgard O. De Knegt R.J. De Ledinghen V. Dore G.J. Drazilova S. Duberg A.-S. Egeonu S. Elbadri M. El-Kassas M. El-Sayed M.H. Estes C. Etzion O. Farag E. Ferradini L. Ferreira P.R.A. Flisiak R. Forns X. Frankova S. Fung J. Gane E.J. Garcia V. Garcia-Samaniego J. Gemilyan M. Genov J. Gheorghe L.S. Gholam P.M. Gish R.G. Goleij P. Gottfredsson M. Grebely J. Gschwantler M. Guingane N.A. Hajarizadeh B. Hamid S.S. Hamoudi W. Harris A.M. Hasan I. Hatzakis A. Hellard M.E. Hercun J. Hernandez J. Hockicková I. Hsu Y.-C. Hu C.-C. Husa P. Janicko M. Janjua N. Jarčuška P. Jaroszewicz J. Jelev D. Jeruma A. Johannessen A. Kåberg M. Kaita K.D.E. Kaliaskarova K.S. Kao J.-H. Kelly-Hanku A. Khamis F. Khan A.G. Kheir O.O. Khoudri I. Kondili L.A. Konysbekova A. Kristian P. Kwon J.A. Lagging M. Laleman W. Lampertico P. Lavanchy D. Lázaro P. Lazarus J.V. Lee A.U. Lee M.-H. Liakina V. Lukšić B. Malekzadeh R. Malu A.O. Marinho R.T. Mendes-Correa M.C. Merat S. Meshesha B.R. Midgard H. Mohamed R. Mokhbat J.E. Mooneyhan E. Moreno C. Mortgat L. Mullhaupt B. Musabaev E. Muyldermans G. Naveira M.C.M. Negro F. Nersesov A.V. Nguyen V.T.T. Ning Q. Njouom R. Ntagirabiri R. Nurmatov Z.S. Oguche S. Omuemu C.E. Ong J.P. Opare-Sem O.K. Ormeci N. Orrego M. Osiowy C. Papatheodoridis G.V. Peck-Radosavljevic M. Pessoa M.G. Pham T.N.D. Phillips R.O. Pimenov N. Pincay-Rodriguez L.D.R. Plaseska-Karanfilska D. Pop C. Poustchi H. Prabdial-Sing N.N. Qureshi H. Ramji A. Rautiainen H. Razavi-Shearer K. Remak W.M. Ribeiro S. Ridruejo E. Ríos-Hincapié C.Y. Robalino M.C. Roberts L.R. Roberts S.K. Rodríguez M. Roulot D. Rwegasha J. Ryder S.D. Sadirova S. Saeed U. Safadi R. Sagalova O. Said S.S. Salupere R. Sanai F.M. Sanchez-Avila J.F. Saraswat V.A. Sargsyants N. Sarrazin C. Sarybayeva G. Schréter I. Seguin-Devaux C. Seto W.-K. Shah S.R. Sharara A.I. Sheikh M. Shouval D. Sievert W. Simojoki K. Simonova M.Y. Sinn D.H. Sonderup M.W. Sonneveld M.J. Spearman C.W. Sperl J. Stauber R.E. Stedman C.A.M. Sypsa V. Tacke F. Tan S.-S. Tanaka J. Tergast T.L. Terrault N.A. Thompson A.J. Thompson P.J. Tolmane I. Tomasiewicz K. Tsang T.-Y. Uzochukwu B.S.C. Van Welzen B. Vanwolleghem T. Vince A. Voeller A.S. Waheed Y. Waked I. Wallace J. Wang C. Weis N. Wong G.L.-H. Wong V.W.-S. Wu J.-C. Yaghi C.G. Yesmembetov K. Yip T.C.-F. Yosry A. Yu M.-L. Yuen M.-F. Yurdaydin C. Zeuzem S. Zuckerman E. Razavi H.A.
October 2023 Elsevier Ltd

The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology
2023 #8 Issue 10 879 - 907 pp.

Background: The 2016 World Health Assembly endorsed the elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection as a public health threat by 2030; existing therapies and prophylaxis measures make such elimination feasible, even in the absence of a virological cure. We aimed to estimate the national, regional, and global prevalence of HBV in the general population and among children aged 5 years and younger, as well as the rates of diagnosis, treatment, prophylaxis, and the future burden globally. Methods: In this modelling study, we used a Delphi process with data from literature reviews and interviews with country experts to quantify the prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention measures for HBV infection. The PRoGReSs Model, a dynamic Markov model, was used to estimate the country, regional, and global prevalence of HBV infection in 2022, and the effects of treatment and prevention on disease burden. The future incidence of morbidity and mortality in the absence of additional interventions was also estimated at the global level. Findings: We developed models for 170 countries which resulted in an estimated global prevalence of HBV infection in 2022 of 3·2% (95% uncertainty interval 2·7–4·0), corresponding to 257·5 million (216·6–316·4) individuals positive for HBsAg. Of these individuals, 36·0 million were diagnosed, and only 6·8 million of the estimated 83·3 million eligible for treatment were on treatment. The prevalence among children aged 5 years or younger was estimated to be 0·7% (0·6–1·0), corresponding to 5·6 million (4·5–7·8) children with HBV infection. Based on the most recent data, 85% of infants received three-dose HBV vaccination before 1 year of age, 46% had received a timely birth dose of vaccine, and 14% received hepatitis B immunoglobulin along with the full vaccination regimen. 3% of mothers with a high HBV viral load received antiviral treatment to reduce mother-to-child transmission. Interpretation: As 2030 approaches, the elimination targets remain out of reach for many countries under the current frameworks. Although prevention measures have had the most success, there is a need to increase these efforts and to increase diagnosis and treatment to work towards the elimination goals. Funding: John C Martin Foundation, Gilead Sciences, and EndHep2030.

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Center for Disease Analysis Foundation, Lafayette, CO, United States
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
St Pauls Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Dr Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
National Liver Institute, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Almadinah, Saudi Arabia
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
Particularly Dangerous Infections, SSES RT, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Prince Sultan Medical Military City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Department of Hepatobiliary Science and Liver Transplantation, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Baqiatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, AlKhoudh, Oman
Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Liver Disease Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Gastroenterology Unit, Medical Department, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Department of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Armed Forces Hospital, Muscat, Oman
Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Emirates Health Services, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Hepatology Division, Hepatobiliary Sciences and Organ Transplant Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Otoch Manramba Medical University, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Laboratory Department, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
Division of Viral Hepatitis, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
Hepatology Department, University of Paris-Cité, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP, INSERM UMR1149, Paris, France
Department of Public Health Policy, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Liver Diseases Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
Hepatitis Virus Laboratory, Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Algeria, Algiers, Algeria
Facultad de Medicina, University of Rosario School of Medicine, Rosario, Argentina
School of Nursing, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
Virology Department, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Clinica de Doenças do Fígado, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Department of Medicine, Biostatistics and Epidemiology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States
Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
Arud Centre for Addiction Medicine, Zürich, Switzerland
Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Integrated Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d Hebron, CIBEREHD, Insituto Carlos III, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Marques de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
ASSCAT, ELPA, Barcelona, Spain
Division of Risk Assessment, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Internal Medicine, Union Hospital, Hong Kong
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Department of Social Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Keelung Branch, Keelung, Taiwan
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon, India
Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology & Infectious Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation
Hospital Christus Muguerza Alta Especialidad, Monterrey Nuevo León, Mexico
Medicine/Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
Universidad Nacional Pedro Henriquez Urena, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Mental Health and Public Medicine, University of Campania, Naples, Italy
Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
WHO Collaborating Centre for Viral Hepatitis, Doherty Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
South West Liver Unit, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, United Kingdom
PROMISE, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marques de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
Research Centre for Hauora & Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
Department of Infectious Diseases, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
Service dHepatologie et de Transplantation Hepatique, CHU, Bordeaux, France
2nd Department of Internal Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Faculty of Medicine, L Pasteur University Hospital, Kosice, Slovakia
Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden
Federal Medical Centre, Jalingo, Nigeria
Gastroenterology Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
Endemic Medicine Department, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
Department of Pediatrics, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Soroka University Medical Center, Beersheva, Israel
Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel
Health Protection & Communicable Diseases Division, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
FHI360, EpiC Indonesia, Indonesia
Division of Infectious Disease, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
New Zealand Liver Transplant Unit, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
Universidad Autonoma de Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Centro Endoscopico Digestivo Integral, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic Health Ministry, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, CIBERehd, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
Clinic of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Tsaritsa Yoanna-ISUL, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA, United States
Department of Genetics, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran
Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
Department of Internal Medicine IV, Klinik Ottakring, Vienna, Austria
Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
Chu Bogodogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
Gastroenterology & Hepatology Department, Ministry of Health, Royal Hospital, Amman, Jordan
Division of Health Informatics and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Atlanta, GA, United States
Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Liver Unit, Centre Hospitalier de lUniversite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
Universidad del Magdalena, Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia
Department of Infectology and Travel Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
Clinic of Gastroenterology, University Hospital St Ivan Rilski, Sofia, Bulgaria
Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tonsberg, Norway
Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Section of Hepatology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
National Research Oncology Center, Astana, Kazakhstan
Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan
Research Department, National Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Khartoum, Sudan
Directorate of Epidemiology and Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
Republican Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center, Astana, Kazakhstan
Department of Infectology and Travel Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Košice, Slovakia
Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Medizinische Klinik B, University Klinik Münster, Münster, Germany
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
Denges, Switzerland
Madrid, Spain
Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, Australia
Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Tech, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Vilnius, Lithuania
Clinical Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Split, School of Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Split, Split, Croatia
Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Medicine, Adoose Specialist Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria
Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria
Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Medical School of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Department of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Gilbert and Rose Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology, CUB Hopital Erasme, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Research Institute of Virology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
STI, World Health Organization, Country Office in Viet Nam, Hanoi, Viet Nam
Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Chinese Society of Infectious Disease, Chinese Medical Association, Beijing, China
Virology Department, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon
CHU Kamenge, University Of Burundi, Bujumbura, Burundi
Republican Scientific Practical Center of Viral Infections Control, Scientific and Production Association Preventive Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
Department of Medicine, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
University of the Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
Department of Gastroenterology, Istanbul Health and Technology University, Istanbul, Turkey
Clinica Las Americas AUNA, Medellin, Colombia
Hepatology Department, Clinica Las Vegas Quiron, Medellin, Colombia
Viral Hepatitis and Bloodborne Pathogens Department, National Microbiology Lab, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Klinikum Klagenfurt am Worthersee, Klagenfurt am Worthersee, Austria
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
Laboratory of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology & Infectious Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation
Pan American Health Organization Consultant, Quito, Ecuador
Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Georgi D. Efremov, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, North Macedonia
Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
Focal Point Hepatitis, Ministry of National Health Services, Regulations and Coordination, Islamabad, Pakistan
Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Helsinki University Hospital Abdominal Center, Helsinki, Finland
International Association of Hepatitis Task Forces, Petaluma, CA, United States
Department of International Health, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas Norberto Quirno CEMIC, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Dirección de Promoción y Prevención, Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, Bogotá, Colombia
Ministerio Salud Publica, Ministerio de Salud, Quito, Ecuador
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Liver Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
APHP, Hopital Avicenne, Unité dHépatologie, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
Gastroenterology Unit, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
The Research Institute of Virology, The Republican Specialized Scientific Practical Medical Center of Epidemiology, Microbiology, Infections and Parasitics Diseases, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Clinical and Biomedical Research Centre, Multidisciplinary Lab., Foundation University School of Health Sciences, Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan
International Center of Medical Sciences Research, Islamabad, Pakistan
The Liver Institute, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
Infectious Diseases Department, South Ural State Medical University (Clinic), Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
State University of Zanzibar, Zanzibar, Tanzania
Department of Gastroenterology, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
Professor Vivek Saraswat Department of Gastroenterology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
National Center for Infectious Diseases, Yerevan, Armenia
Medizinische Klinik 2, St Josefs-Hospital, Wiesbaden, Germany
Medizinische Klinik 1, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Department of Science and International Cooperation, Kazakh Science Center of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Department of Infectology and Travel Medicine, Medical Faculty, PJ Safárik University, Kosice, Slovakia
Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch sur Alzette, Luxembourg
School of Clinical Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
The University of HongKong, Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
Institute of Liver Disease, HPB Surgery and Transplant, Global Hospitals, Mumbai, India
Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
HPB Surgery and Transplantology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
Gastroenterology Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Selayang Hospital, Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia
Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
Keck Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincents Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
Hepatology Department, Riga East University Hospital, Latvian Center of Infectious Diseases, Riga, Latvia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
Department of Infectious Disease, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
Infectious Diseases Centre, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hospital Authority of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Community Medicine Department, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
Health Policy Research Group, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
Medical School University of Zagreb, University Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia
Office of Research, Innovation & Commercialization, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
National Liver Institute, Shebeen El Kom, Egypt
Viral Hepatitis Elimination, Burnet Institute, CEVHAP, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, Latrobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Medical Data Analytics Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
Department of Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Hepatobiliary Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Department and State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Koç University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
Liver Unit, Carmel Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

Center for Disease Analysis Foundation
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Liver Research Center
Division of Hepatology
The Kirby Institute
Asan Medical Center
Genomics Research Center
Makerere University
St Pauls Hospital Millennium Medical College
Dr Ziauddin University Hospital
National Liver Institute
Family and Community Medicine
Department of Biomedical Sciences
Department of Gastroenterology
Particularly Dangerous Infections
Yonsei University College of Medicine
Helsinki University Hospital
Department of Gastroenterology
Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Department of Hepatobiliary Science and Liver Transplantation
Baqiatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases
College of Medicine and Health Sciences
Department of Infectious Diseases
Liver Disease Research Center
Gastroenterology Unit
Department of Medicine
Department of Clinical Sciences
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City
Emirates Health Services
Hepatology Division
Otoch Manramba Medical University
Laboratory Department
Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Science
Division of Viral Hepatitis
Hepatology Department
Department of Public Health Policy
Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences
Liver Diseases Center
Sackler School of Medicine
Hepatitis Virus Laboratory
Facultad de Medicina
School of Nursing
American University of Beirut Medical Center
Virology Department
University of Rio de Janeiro
Clinica de Doenças do Fígado
Department of Medicine
Department of Medicine
Weill Cornell Medicine
Arud Centre for Addiction Medicine
Clinical and Experimental Medicine
Integrated Department of Medical Specialties
Liver Unit
Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department
Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases
ASSCAT
Division of Risk Assessment
Faculty of Medicine
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Hepatitis Research Center
Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs
Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control
Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Department of Infectious Diseases
Department of Clinical Research
Hepatobiliary Division
National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology & Infectious Diseases
Hospital Christus Muguerza Alta Especialidad
Medicine/Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department
Universidad Nacional Pedro Henriquez Urena
Mental Health and Public Medicine
Department of Gastroenterology
WHO Collaborating Centre for Viral Hepatitis
South West Liver Unit
PROMISE
Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department
School of Medicine
School of Public Health
Research Centre for Hauora & Health
Department of Infectious Diseases
Erasmus MC University Medical Center
Service dHepatologie et de Transplantation Hepatique
2nd Department of Internal Medicine
Department of Infectious Diseases
Federal Medical Centre
Gastroenterology Department
Endemic Medicine Department
Department of Pediatrics
Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases
Faculty of Health Sciences
Health Protection & Communicable Diseases Division
FHI360
Division of Infectious Disease
Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology
Liver Unit
Department of Hepatogastroenterology
The University of Hong Kong
New Zealand Liver Transplant Unit
Universidad Autonoma de Santo Domingo
Centro Endoscopico Digestivo Integral
Dominican Republic Health Ministry
Liver Unit
Yerevan State Medical University
Clinic of Gastroenterology
Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Case Western Reserve University
Hepatitis B Foundation
Department of Genetics
Landspitali University Hospital
Faculty of Medicine
Department of Internal Medicine IV
Sigmund Freud University
Chu Bogodogo
Aga Khan University
Gastroenterology & Hepatology Department
Division of Health Informatics and Surveillance
Division of Hepatology
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Burnet Institute
Liver Unit
Universidad del Magdalena
Department of Infectology and Travel Medicine
Department of Medical Research
Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Department of Infectious Diseases
Department of Infectious Diseases
BC Centre for Disease Control
Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology
Clinic of Gastroenterology
Riga East University Hospital
Faculty of Medicine
Vestfold Hospital Trust
Department of Global Public Health
Section of Hepatology
National Research Oncology Center
Hepatitis Research Center
Royal Hospital
Lady Reading Hospital
Research Department
Directorate of Epidemiology and Disease Control
National Center for Global Health
UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences
Republican Diagnostic Center
Department of Infectology and Travel Medicine
Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology
Department of Clinical Microbiology
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Medizinische Klinik B
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Denges
Madrid
Barcelona Institute for Global Health
Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department
Institute of Clinical Medicine
Clinic of Gastroenterology
Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Clinical Department of Infectious Diseases
Digestive Disease Research Institute
Department of Medicine
Benue State University
Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte
Department of Infectious Diseases
Digestive Diseases Research Institute
Department of Gastroenterology
University of Malaya
Department of Medicine
Department of Gastroenterology
Sciensano
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Research Institute of Virology
University of Geneva
Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University
STI
Tongji Medical College
Chinese Society of Infectious Disease
Virology Department
CHU Kamenge
Republican Scientific Practical Center of Viral Infections Control
University of Jos
Department of Medicine
University of the Philippines College of Medicine
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Department of Gastroenterology
Clinica Las Americas AUNA
Hepatology Department
Viral Hepatitis and Bloodborne Pathogens Department
Department of Gastroenterology
Klinikum Klagenfurt am Worthersee
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
University of Illinois at Chicago
Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research
Laboratory of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases
Pan American Health Organization Consultant
Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Georgi D. Efremov
Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department
Centre for Vaccines and Immunology
Focal Point Hepatitis
Department of Medicine
Helsinki University Hospital Abdominal Center
International Association of Hepatitis Task Forces
Department of International Health
Hepatology Section
Dirección de Promoción y Prevención
Ministerio Salud Publica
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
The Alfred
Liver Unit
APHP
Gastroenterology Unit
NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre
The Research Institute of Virology
Clinical and Biomedical Research Centre
International Center of Medical Sciences Research
The Liver Institute
Infectious Diseases Department
State University of Zanzibar
Department of Gastroenterology
Department of Internal Medicine
King Abdulaziz Medical City
Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud
Professor Vivek Saraswat Department of Gastroenterology
National Center for Infectious Diseases
Medizinische Klinik 2
Medizinische Klinik 1
Department of Science and International Cooperation
Department of Infectology and Travel Medicine
Department of Infection and Immunity
School of Clinical Medicine
The University of HongKong
Institute of Liver Disease
Monash Health
University of Helsinki
HPB Surgery and Transplantology
Samsung Medical Center
Division of Hepatology
Erasmus MC
Department of Internal Medicine
Gastroenterology Department
Department of Hygiene
Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology
Selayang Hospital
Hiroshima University
Keck Medicine of University of Southern California
Department of Gastroenterology
UNC Chapel Hill
Hepatology Department
Faculty of Medicine
Department of Infectious Disease
Infectious Diseases Centre
Community Medicine Department
University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu
Health Policy Research Group
University Medical Center Utrecht
Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics
Medical School University of Zagreb
Office of Research
Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine
National Liver Institute
Viral Hepatitis Elimination
Australian Research Centre in Sex
Centre for Social Research in Health
Department of Medicine
Department of Infectious Diseases
Department of Clinical Medicine
Medical Data Analytics Centre
Institute of Clinical Medicine
Department of Medical Research
Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital
Department of Medicine III
Faculty of Medicine
School of Medicine
Hepatobiliary Section
School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center
Department of Medicine
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Department of Medicine
Liver Unit

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