Comprehensive analysis of Li-Fi technology: positioning algorithms, security vulnerabilities, and future IoT applications
Razaque A. Bektemyssova G. Khan M. Yoo J. Khan M.J. Lloret J.
December 2025Springer
Telecommunication Systems
2025#88Issue 4
Light fidelity (Li-Fi) is an ovonic, high-speed, wireless network communication technology. It can supplement radio frequency (RF) communications that carry much more information to solve the problem of RF bandwidth limitations. The widespread introduction of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) helps create an indoor positioning system, which is flexible at all places. However, the problems of visible light communication (VLC) positioning hinder the development of Li-Fi. Hence, there is a dire need for an extensive survey to explore Li-Fi and security vulnerabilities. In our survey paper, we present Li-Fi research methodology and discuss problems with the background and design specifications of Li-Fi. We map existing problems of VLC positioning with current positioning technologies that are characterized based on Quality-of-Service (QoS) parameters such as speed, energy reduction, time complexity, transportability, accuracy, transmission distance, etc. This new characterization of positioning technologies based on QoS parameters can contribute to the Li-Fi domain. The advantages and disadvantages are thoroughly analyzed using a systematic literature review. Furthermore, we extensively explore the security vulnerabilities of Li-Fi on network and transport layers classify them into three main categories; and discuss Li-Fi heterogeneity support to ensure a constant and reliable connection. The strengths and limitations of Li-Fi are evaluated. Current and future Li-Fi IoT-enabled applications are reviewed. Positioning algorithms 9range-free, range-based, and hybrid) Li-Fi-supported algorithms are tested to determine their effectiveness from accuracy, time complexity, speed, energy reduction, transmission distance, and transportability standpoint. The Loophole-prevention and Li-Fi positioning improvements are suggested.
Heterogeneity support , Li-Fi design specification , Li-Fi positioning , Light fidelity , Security loophole
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Department of Cybersecurity, International Information Technology University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Department of Computer Engineering, International Information Technology University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan
School of Computing, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de Zonas Costeras, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
Department of Cybersecurity
Department of Computer Engineering
Department of Computer Science
School of Computing
Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de Zonas Costeras
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Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026