Magnolol and its semi-synthetic derivatives: a comprehensive review of anti-cancer mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, and future therapeutic potential
Rayamajhi A. Gyawali N. Karki D. Pérez-Caltzontzin L.E. Peña-Corona S.I. Cortés H. Adhikari A. Leyva-Gómez G. Uprety Y. Habtemariam S. Kiyekbayeva L. Sharifi-Rad J.
December 2025Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
Discover Oncology
2025#16Issue 1
In recent years, magnolol (MG), a natural active compound of polyphenolic nature, has garnered significant interest for its anti-cancer effects. Numerous studies conducted on cell lines and animal models have indicated a positive impact of administering drugs or semi-synthesized products derived from MG, including a decreased incidence of various cancers. This review aims to illustrate the underlying cellular and molecular basis of its actions. The article includes in-depth explanations of phytochemistry, semi-synthetic derivatives, bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, preclinical research, anti-tumor mechanisms, human clinical studies, toxicity, side effects, and safety. It also demonstrates that, in contrast to the wealth of synthetic medications, MG is highly effective against bladder, colon, gastric, skin, liver, lung, gallbladder, and prostate cancers. The findings of this review indicate that MG is a promising candidate as an anti-tumor agent, and future research should focus on developing new semi-synthetic derivative compounds with potential anti-tumor properties.
Cancer cell growth inhibition , Low water solubility , Magnolia species , Magnolol , Natural polyphenolic compound , Semi-synthetic derivatives
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Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Kirtipur, Nepal
Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Kirtipur, Nepal
Pharmacognosy Research & Herbal Analysis Services UK, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent, ME4 4 TB, United Kingdom
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical School, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador
Centro de Estudios Tecnológicos y Universitarios del Golfo, Veracruz, Mexico
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
Central Department of Chemistry
Departamento de Farmacia
Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica
Central Department of Botany
Pharmacognosy Research & Herbal Analysis Services UK
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
Universidad Espíritu Santo
Centro de Estudios Tecnológicos y Universitarios del Golfo
Department of Medicine
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