Design and Experimental Investigation of Conformal Compact and Low-Profile Antenna for Body Area Network Application

Rano D. Hashmi M.
2026 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.

IEEE Access
2026 #14 38197 - 38214 pp.

Design of a conformal, low-profile, and compact metasurface (MS) backed monopole antenna operating at the medical body area network band (MBAN) is proposed in this paper. A novel blocking MS unit cell (B-UC) with dimensions of 13.8× 13.4× 0.5 mm³ is designed on the Roger 5880 board. A close symmetry of the proposed B-UC along the x- and y-axes results in excellent polarization stability for the normally incident transverse electric (TE) and magnetic (TM) modes. Moreover, a simple but elegant circuit model based on the surface current flow is presented for the proposed B-UC. Furthermore, an array of 3× 3 B-UCs having dimensions of 45× 43.6 mm² is also designed to act as a reflector and enhance the performance of a monopole antenna. Once again, the near symmetry of the proposed array results in excellent polarization stability along the x -and y -axes. Incorporating the developed MS array into the low-profile monopole antenna provides superior conformability, as demonstrated by bending it to three distinct radii of 40, 50, and 60 mm on a cylindrical platform. Finally, the proposed designs are fabricated, and the prototypes exhibit good agreement between the measured and simulated results, achieving a gain of 5.3 dBi and an efficiency of 80%.

Conformal antenna , medical body area network (MBAN) , metasurface (MS) , metasurface incorporated antenna (MIA) , reflection phase , specific absorption rate (SAR) , wireless body area network (WBAN)

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Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Pilani Campus Rajasthan , Pilani, 333031, India
Nazarbayev University, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan

Birla Institute of Technology and Science
Nazarbayev University

10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель

Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026