Historical Assessment and Mapping of Human Plague, Kazakhstan, 1926–2003
Rametov N. Abdel Z. Zhumadilova Z. Yessimseit D. Abdeliyev B. Mussagaliyeva R. Issaeva S. Althuwaynee O.F. Baygurin Z. Tabynov K.
December 2024Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Emerging Infectious Diseases
2024#30Issue 122483 - 2493 pp.
Understanding Kazakhstan’s plague history is crucial for early warning and effective health disaster management. We used descriptive-analytical methods to analyze spatial data for human cases in natural plague foci in Kazakhstan during 1926–2003. The findings revealed 565 human cases across 82 outbreaks in Almaty (32.22%), Aktobe (1.59%), Atyrau (4.42%), Mangystau (21.24%), and Kyzylorda (40.53%) oblasts. Before antibiotic drugs were introduced in 1947–1948, major plague outbreaks occurred in 1926, 1929, 1945, 1947, and 1948, constituting 80.7% of human transmission. Plague spread through flea bites, camel handling, wild animal contact, aerosol transmissions, and rodent bites. Patients were up to 86 years of age; 49.9% were male and 50.1% female. Pulmonary cases were reported most frequently (72.4%), and person-to-person infection occurred at an incidence rate of 0.29 cases/10,000 population. Risk increased with human expansion into natural plague foci areas. Swift diagnosis and treatment are essential for curbing plague outbreaks in Kazakhstan.
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Institute of Ionosphere, Almaty, Kazakhstan
M. Aikimbayev National Scientific Center for Especially Dangerous Infections, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Kazakh National Research Technical University named after K.I. Satbayev, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection, Italian National Research Council, Perugia, Italy
Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Institute of Ionosphere
M. Aikimbayev National Scientific Center for Especially Dangerous Infections
Kazakh National Research Technical University named after K.I. Satbayev
Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection
Kazakh National Agrarian Research University
10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель
Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026