Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction and Frailty: From Young to Superaged Coexisting HFpEF and Frailty
Rakisheva A. Soloveva A. Shchendrygina A. Giverts I.
Jul 2024Korean Society of Heart Failure
International Journal of Heart Failure
2024#6Issue 3103 - 116 pp.
Being commonly diagnosed in elderly women and associated with comorbidities as well as ageing-related cardio-vascular changes, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has been recently considered as a distinct cardiogeriatric syndrome. Frailty is another frequent geriatric syndrome. HFpEF and frailty share common underlying mechanisms, often co-exist, and represent each other’s risk factors. A threshold of 65 years old is usually used to screen patients for both frailty and HFpEF in research and clinical settings. However, both HFpEF and frailty are very heterogenous conditions that may develop at younger ages. In this review we aim to provide a broader overview on the coexistence of HFpEF and frailty throughout the lifetime. We hypothesize that HFpEF and frailty patients’ profiles (young, elderly, superaged) represent a continuum of the common ageing process modified by cumulative exposure to risk factors resulting to a presentation of HFpEF and frailty at different ages. We believe, that suggested approach might stimulate assessment of frailty in HFpEF assessment and vice versa regardless of age and early implementation of targeted interventions. Future studies of pathophysiology, clinical features, and outcomes of frailty in HFpEF by age are needed.
Diagnosis , Frail elderly , Frailty , Heart failure , Middle aged , Young adult
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City Cardiology Center, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Department of Cardiology, Almazov Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
City Cardiology Center
Department of Cardiology
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
Maimonides Medical Center
Massachusetts General Hospital
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