New definitions of natural and transformed mineral deposits, and their exploitation stages

НОВЫЕ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ЕСТЕСТВЕННОГО И ТРАНСФОРМИРОВАННОГО МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ ПОЛЕЗНОГО ИСКОПАЕМОГО И ЭТАПЫ ИХ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ
Rakishev B.R.
2023 Publishing house Mining book

Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin
2023 #2023 Issue 8 165 - 177 pp.

For the first time in mining, on the basis of the system analysis, a new well-founded definition of a mineral deposit is given. A natural mineral deposit is a geological object on ground surface or in the subsoil, which contains genetically interrelated rocks and minerals of inorganic and organic origin, and of commercial quality and quantity. This definition is reflective of a factual place of mineral deposits in geology and in mining, has a clear physical sense and distinctly differentiates a mineral deposit from a mineral. As known, after complete extraction of a certain approved volume of a mineral, a deposit becomes free from the mineral it contained earlier, and, together with the manmade voids, remains in a certain deformed condition on ground surface or in the subsoil. Such mineral deposit is a transformed deposit. A transformed mineral deposit is a geological object on ground surface or in the subsoil, composed of different rocks, including deformed rocks, a mined-out space with a volume equal to the volume of extracted materials, and pillars. Physically, we develop minerals rather than mineral deposits. We exploit the latter. After a mineral is extracted, the transformed deposits continue serving the human needs and become a new category of georesources represented by the mined-out space. The new definitions of the natural and transformed mineral deposits, the structure of a mineral deposit exploitation system, and their theoretical analysis show that the principal purposeful activities in the subsoil use have two stages. The first stage is mineral mining, i.e. extraction of minerals and barren rocks from development and production openings. As a result, in the field of an open pit or a mine, the surface or underground manmade voids appear, which are the mined-out spaces of different shape and size. The second-stage is recycling of the mined-out space via creation of various-purpose civil or industrial objects in them.

mined-out space use , mineral , mineral deposit , mineral deposit exploitation , mineral deposit exploitation stages , mineral mining

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K.I. Satpaev Kazakh National Research Technical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

K.I. Satpaev Kazakh National Research Technical University

10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель

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