Using PANI|In2O3Composite for Indirect Electrochemical Detection of Diclofenac Sodium via Polyaniline Oxidation Peak


Rakhymbay G. Vacandio F. Avchukir K.
March 2025Springer

Electrocatalysis
2025#16Issue 2282 - 291 pp.

The unusual electrochemical, catalytic, and electronic properties of conductive polymer composites with metal oxides, owing to their synergistic effects, have attracted continued interest in the past decade for diverse applications in electroanalysis and electrocatalysis. Herein, we present a novel method for indirect determination of diclofenac (DCF) sodium using a PANI|In2O3composite. A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a thin PANI|In2O3layer was synthesized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) from a 0.3 M H2SO4solution. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements demonstrated that the PANI|In2O3composite has a significantly higher Rctvalue 624.0 Ω than the pure polyaniline film (14.0 Ω). CVs of bare GCE demonstrated the irreversible oxidation of diclofenac, characterized by an anodic peak at a potential of 0.6 V. Differential pulse voltammograms (DPVs) of DCF on a GCE|PANI electrode showed two pronounced anodic peaks (jpa), which were responsible for the electrochemical oxidation of polyaniline (I) and oxidation of DCF (II). Modification with In2O3dramatically decreased the current density of peak II by inhibiting the oxidation of DCF, and on the contrary, it increased the intensity of peak I tens of times. The GC|PANI|In2O3electrode can be used as an electrochemical sensor for the determination of diclofenac at low concentrations between 1 × 10–6M to 1 × 10–4M, and jpa– CDCFhas a correlation coefficient of 0.95. The GC|PANI|In2O3material exhibited a limit of detection of 181 nM and a linear range of 1–100 µM for the DCF sensor.

Diclofenac , Electropolymerization , Indium oxide , Polyaniline

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Center of Physical Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 96a Tole Bi Str, Almaty, 050012, Kazakhstan
UMR 7246, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, MADIREL, Marseille Cedex 20, 13397, France

Center of Physical Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis
UMR 7246

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