Cryptogenic Stroke and Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source: Risk Factors and Approaches for Detection of Atrial Fibrillation

Rakhimova I. Semenova Y. Khaibullin T. Kuanysheva A. Kovalchuk V. Abdrakhmanov A.
July 2022 Bentham Science Publishers

Current Cardiology Reviews
2022 #18 Issue 4 55 - 68 pp.

Background: Stroke is a problem worldwide because of its high mortality and disability rates. Almost 90% of strokes are ischemic, and more than half of the deaths are caused by an is-chemic stroke. Most risk factors for stroke are manageable so that it can be avoided with proper pre-vention. Despite the success in determining the causes of stroke in recent years, selectively, the “culprit” causing stroke remains unsolved. In such cases, a diagnosis of undetermined etiology (cryptogenic stroke) or embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) is generated, resulting the prevention of a recurrent cerebrovascular occurrence impossible. Atrial fibrillation (AF) can be a cause of stroke by causing blood clots in the chambers of the heart. Purpose: The aim was to determine the optimal method of heart rate monitoring in patients with is-chemic stroke, as methods and approaches for detecting AF are very diverse, but there is still no single opinion, which would be universal. Procedures: In our review, we consider epidemiology, risk factors for the stroke of undetermined etiology, as well as analytical methods for detecting heart rhythm disturbances in this category of patients. Findings: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is detected by thorough monitoring of heart rate of patients with cryptogenic stroke and ESUS can be diagnosed in up to 46% of patients. Conclusion: After AF detection, consideration should be given to prescribing anticoagulants, in-stead of antiplatelet agents, for the secondary prevention of stroke.

atrial fibrillation , cryptogenic stroke , embolic stroke of undetermined source , heart rhythm monitoring , implantable loop recorder , Stroke of undetermined etiology

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Department of Cardiology and Interventional Arrhythmology, Semey State Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
Department of Semashko City Hospital, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
National Research Cardiac Surgery Center, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan

Department of Cardiology and Interventional Arrhythmology
Department of Semashko City Hospital
National Research Cardiac Surgery Center

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